Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Austria

Abstract

Mortality of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes is increased 2- to 20-fold compared to non-diabetic individuals. In young adults with type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular events are more often the cause of premature death than nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and extent of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Austria. In a cross sectional study data of children with type 1 diabetes <18 years of age treated at the Children's department of the University Hospitals of Vienna and Graz were collected. We recorded body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol according to age, sex, age at manifestation, diabetes duration, and insulin requirement. From 264 patients (49.4% male) complete data were available. Of all patients, 76.1% had one or more risk factors, 20.8% had two or more, 10.2% had three or more, and 4.9% had four or more risk factors. Insufficient glycemic control was the most frequent risk factor, present in 60.6% of our patients, followed by elevated triglycerides (22.7%) and increased body mass index (20.1%). Higher prevalence of risk factors was correlated with increasing age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, and insulin requirement. In conclusion, children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have a much higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared to non-diabetic individuals. To prevent future cardiovascular events, achieving the best possible glycemic control, early detection of further risk factors, and adequate intervention are highly important.

Overweight and Obesity Based on Four Reference Systems in 18,382 Paediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes from Germany and Austria

“…This finding is consistent with other studies, reporting a higher body weight in T1D girls compared to boys, primarily during puberty, although not all studies have shown a significant difference [38, 39]. In a recent study, risk factors for the increase in BMI were identified in T1D subjects.…”

Early signs of diabetic nephropathy and ultrasound characteristics of kidneys in children and youth with diabetes mellitus type 1

“…The average age of occurrence DMT1 in our patients was preschool and elementary-school years, with emphasized statistical difference beetwen the both groups. DMT1 may occur at any age of life, although most patients had it diagnosed in childhood and early adolescence (13,14).…”

“…A more significant aberration of volume of right and left kidney in relation to standards for body height and mass was found in the group of patients who have DMT1 > 10 years. Enlargement of kidney volume in DM appears with retaining salt and water, as well as complex pathophysiological processes on the very small blood vessels (14,16). Enlargement of dimensions and volume of kidneys is one characteristics of DMT1 in the stage of hypertrophic hyperfiltration (13,16).…”

Polymorphism of theFTOGene Influences Body Weight in Children with Type 1 Diabetes without Severe Obesity

“…The intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with weight gain, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and the presence of features of atherosclerosis development in imaging [5]. For unknown reasons, sex differences are observed in this field: in contrast to the nondiabetic population, girls and women with diabetes are characterized by a greater number of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases than boys and young men [6].…”