Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Clustering Among the Adult Population of China

Gu, Dongfeng; Gupta, Anjali; Muntner, Paul; Hu, Shengshou; Duan, Xin; Chen, Jichun; Reynolds, Robert F.; Whelton, Paul K.; He, Jiang

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.515072

Cited by 198 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The clustering of risk factors was about equal for men and women and increased with age. 4 The findings were similar to values for US adults obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Cvd Risk Factor Prevalence and The Metabolic Syndrome In Chinasupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Figure 4 derived its data on age-standardized prevalence of risk factors in China from results of InterAsia. 4 The age-standardized prevalence of dislipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking in China were 53.6%, 26.1%, 5.2%, and 34.4%, respectively (each P < 0.001). This is compared with 67.1%, 33.6%, 8%, and 23.5%, respectively, in the United States.…”

Section: Cvd Risk Factor Prevalence and The Metabolic Syndrome In Chinamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…3,4 The InterAsia study noted that, in the 2000 data set, dyslipidemia was found in 54% of the subjects, hypertension in 26%, diabetes in 5 %, current smoking in 34%, and being overweight in 28% of subjects. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity had increased since the initial survey.…”

Section: Cvd Risk Factor Prevalence and The Metabolic Syndrome In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolving Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence, Mortality, Risk Factors, and the Metabolic Syndrome in China

Zheng

Stein

Kwan

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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The rapid growth transformation of China from a rural agrarian society to an industrial society with increased wealth has impacted the cardiovascular health of the entire population. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors mirror in some regards the disease prevalence in western industrialized countries and in other areas present unique public health issues. This article reviewed recent population surveys, reports, and clinical trials conducted in China. It was found that the prevalence of CVD and many of the risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes contributing to disease mortality are increasing in China. However, compared with the United States, disease mortality is lower. Also, cerebrovascular disease is far more common than ischemic heart disease in China. The low prevalence of disease may suggest a reduced role of diagnostic imaging studies as compared with the US, while the increased percentage of strokes may point to the need for widely available emergent computed tomography (CT) imaging in hospitals in China. This article also discusses the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, glucose intolerance, diabetes, and their unique features in the Chinese population. Of interest, compared with the Caucasian cohort of the same body mass index (BMI), the Chinese had a higher percentage of body fat. Metabolic syndrome was found to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality rate. With one fifth of the world's population, China can anticipate a dramatic rise, in absolute numbers, of CVD. It is imperative that national and regional programs are initiated to detect and treat the disease. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Cvd Risk Factor Prevalence and The Metabolic Syndrome In Chinasupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Cvd Risk Factor Prevalence and The Metabolic Syndrome In Chinamentioning

confidence: 93%

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Evolving Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence, Mortality, Risk Factors, and the Metabolic Syndrome in China

Zheng

Stein

Kwan

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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“…However, the MONICA Project was conducted from 1979 to 1996, and it did not address the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia. The most recent direct comparison of cardiovascular risk factors between the general populations of China and the United States used InterAsia and NHANES data from 1999 to 20015; more recent studies focused on risk factors solely within China,34 compared China with other low‐ and middle‐income countries,35 or used data from disease registry participants 36. Such strategies yielded incomplete information about China's population‐level risk profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Project and the InterAsia study are the 2 landmark studies that have previously described modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in China and the United States, but they were conducted >15 years ago 4, 5. Many recent studies have examined risk factors in the respective countries, but we lack a direct comparison based on recent representative national samples and comparable survey methods in the 2 countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China and the United States

Pei²,

Zhou

et al. 2018

JAHA

130

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BackgroundThe reasons for China's high stroke prevalence are not well understood. The cardiovascular risk factor profiles of China and the United States have not been directly compared in nationally representative population samples.Methods and ResultsUsing data from the CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) and the NHANES (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), we compared cardiovascular risk factors from 2011 to 2012 among people aged 45 to 75 years between the 2 countries (China, 12 654 people; United States, 2607 people): blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Compared with the United States, China had a lower prevalence of hypertension but a higher mean blood pressure and a higher proportion of patients with severe hypertension (≥160/100 mm Hg) (10.5% versus 4.5%). China had substantially lower rates of hypertension treatment (46.8% versus 77.9%) and control (20.3% versus 54.7%). Dyslipidemia was less common in China, but lipid levels were not significantly different because dyslipidemia awareness and control rates in China were 3‐ and 7‐fold lower than US rates, respectively. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, body mass index, and waist circumference were significantly lower in China than in the United States. Clustering of hypertension with other cardiovascular risk factors was more common in China.ConclusionsHypertension is more common in the United States, but blood pressure levels are higher in China, which may be responsible for China's high stroke prevalence. The low rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension provide an exceptional opportunity for China to reduce risk in its population.

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Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nursing professionals and students in Beijing toward cardiovascular disease risk reduction

Deng

Zhang

2011

Research in Nursing & Health

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Abstract:The rising incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China intensifies the need for effective health education for CVD risk reduction. The purpose of this study was to develop a description of nurses' knowledge about, attitudes toward, practice behaviors, and personal lifestyle behaviors related to CVD risk reduction. We surveyed 273 staff nurses, 35 nursing faculty, and 139 nursing students in Beijing. Most nurses could identify common risk factors for CVD and had positive attitudes toward CVD risk reduction. However, less than 58% of the respondents could correctly answer questions about evidence-based recommendations for CVD risk reduction. This sample of Chinese nursing professionals and students lacked knowledge critical to providing guidance to individuals with or at risk for CVD. More intensive and creative approaches to the education of nursing professionals regarding CVD risk reduction are recommended. ß

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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Clustering Among the Adult Population of China

Abstract: Background-The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been increasing in China. Methods and Results-We

Cited by 198 publications

References 21 publications

Evolving Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence, Mortality, Risk Factors, and the Metabolic Syndrome in China

Evolving Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence, Mortality, Risk Factors, and the Metabolic Syndrome in China

Comparison of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China and the United States

Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nursing professionals and students in Beijing toward cardiovascular disease risk reduction

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