Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome and its Association With Body Shape Index and A Body Roundness Index Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in a Ghanaian Population

Abstract

Cardiometabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is the leading cause of diabetes complications. Anthropometric indices could be used as a cheap approach to identify MetS among T2DM patients. We determined the prevalence of MetS and its association with sociodemographic and anthropometric indices among T2DM patients in a tertiary hospital in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 241 T2DM outpatients attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) and the Kumasi South Hospital for routine check-up. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinicobiochemical markers, namely, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were measured. Anthropometric indices, namely, body mass index (BMI), Conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), A body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were computed based on either the Height, Weight, Waist circumference (WC) or Hip circumference (HC) of the patients. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was classified using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Data entry and analysis were done using Excel 2016 and SPSS version 25.0 respectively. Of the 241 T2DM patients, 99 (41.1%) were males whereas 144 (58.9%) were females. The prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome (MetS) was 42.7% with dyslipidemia and hypertension recording a prevalence of 6.6 and 36.1%, respectively. Being a female T2DM patient [aOR = 3.02, 95%CI (1.59–5.76), p = 0.001] and divorced [aOR = 4.05, 95%CI (1.22–13.43), p = 0.022] were the independent sociodemographic predictors of MetS among T2DM patients. The 4th quartile for ABSI and 2nd to 4th quartiles for BSI were associated with MetS on univariate logistic regression (p <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified the 3rd quartile (aOR = 25.15 (2.02–313.81), p = 0.012) and 4th quartile (aOR = 39.00, 95%CI (2.68–568.49), p = 0.007) for BRI as the independent predictors of MetS among T2DM. The prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome is high among T2DM patients and this was influenced by female gender, being divorced, and increased BRI. Integration of BRI as part of routine assessment could be used as early indicator of cardiometabolic syndrome among T2DM patients.

Associations between Dietary Patterns, Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Indices and the Number of MetS Components in Polish Adults with Metabolic Disorders

“…Likewise, Anto at al. [ 44 ] indicated that only BRI was the independent predictor of MetS and compared to traditional indicators it turned out to be the best. Our study found that BRI had a strong positive correlation with WHtR and WC, and also with BMI and fat mass (%).…”

Exploring the Prevalence and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Sub-Saharan African Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In these studies, the prevalence of MetS was estimated based on the IDF and/or NCEP-ATP III 2004 criteria. Among the articles, eleven studies reported the prevalence of MetS based on both NCEP-ATP III 2004 and IDF criteria [32,38,53,39,40,[43][44][45]48,49,51], fourteen studies reported based solely on NCEP-ATP III 2004 criteria [25,26,42,46,50,52,[28][29][30][31]33,35,36,41] and five studies reported based on IDF criteria alone [24,27,34,37,47] . Additionally, nine studies reported the prevalence of MetS subcomponents based on NCEP-ATP III 2004 criteria [25,26,31,35,[40][41][42][43][44] and six studies based on IDF criteria [24,27,40,43,44,47].…”

Body roundness index and risk of developing hypertension: A prospective cohort study in southwest China

“…It combines waist circumference (WC) and height to describe a person's body shape, and it is more re ective of the proportion of body fat and visceral fat compared to traditional indicators such as BMI, WC, and hip circumference(HC) [7][8][9][10]. As a novel measurement index, BRI has shown good ability in predicting fat distribution (R 2 of predicting male body fat percentage is 0.78; R 2 of predicting male visceral fat percentage is 0.56) [11], and has also been used to predict diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases [12][13][14]. Previous studies have indicated a signi cant correlation between BRI and metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance [15], making it a risk factor for diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular diseases [16][17][18].…”