Prevalence of canine lyme disease from an endemic area as determined by serosurvey

Schulze, Terry L.; Bosler, Edward M.; Shisler, Joseph K.; Ware, Irvin C.; Lakat, Michael F.; Parkin, William E.

doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80104-9

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Age as a proxy for the cumulative duration of exposure was demonstrated in this study by the increasing rate of seropositivity with the increasing age of the dogs, but after an age of 24 months no significant increase in age-specific seropositivity was found, although a continuous risk of exposure to B. burgdorferi exists. In contrast to the human immunological response, in whom IgG antibodies to B. burgdorferi can persist for several years, the findings of the present study are in concordance with previous findings that the seroprevalence in dogs remains relatively stable after 2 years of age (27,38). Our study also strengthens the view of Hovius et al (19) that a yearly reinfection is necessary to maintain seropositivity.…”

Section: Outdoor Activity As a Risk Factor For Lyme Disease?supporting

confidence: 92%

Dogs as Sentinels for Human Lyme Borreliosis in The Netherlands

Goossens¹,

Bogaard²,

Nohlmans

2001

J Clin Microbiol

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Serum samples from hunters (n ‫؍‬ 440), their hunting dogs (n ‫؍‬ 448), and hunters without dog ownership (n ‫؍‬ 53) were collected in The Netherlands at hunting dog trials and were tested for antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi by a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, 75 healthy pet dogs were tested. The results of this study indicate that the seroprevalence among hunting dogs (18%) was of the same order as the seroprevalence among pet dogs (17%) and hunters (15%). The seropositivity of a hunting dog was not a significant indicator of increased risk of Lyme borreliosis for its owner. No significant rise in seroprevalence was found in dogs older than 24 months. This indicated that seropositivity after an infection with B. burgdorferi in dogs is rather short, approximately 1 year. In humans this is considerably longer but is also not lifelong. Therefore, the incidence of B. burgdorferi infections among dogs was greater than that among hunters, despite a similar prevalence of seropositivity among hunters and their hunting dogs. Because no positive correlation was observed between the seropositivity of a hunter and the seropositivity of the hunter's dog, direct transfer of ticks between dog and hunter does not seem important and owning a dog should not be considered a risk factor for Lyme borreliosis.Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a zoonotic disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (5, 41). An animal reservoir of approximately 40 mammals and birds has been established (15) in Europe. The disease is transmitted primarily by ticks feeding on mammals and birds, with the most common vector in Europe being the tick Ixodes ricinus (1). In humans, LB in its early stages is characterized by influenza-like symptoms, followed in 60 to 80% of the cases by erythema migrans (40), a skin lesion that spreads outward from around the site of a tick bite. If untreated, the disease may proceed to a second or a third stage in which neurological disorders and arthritis are common symptoms (42). Much less is known about LB in animals than is known about the disease in humans. The most common symptom of LB in dogs is migratory arthritis (30) without divergent radiographic findings. Other but less common symptoms reported in dogs are carditis (25), glomerulonephritis (17), and neuritis (2; B. M. Feder, R. J. Joseph, S. D. Moroff, et al., Abstr. Proc. 9th ACVIM, p. 892, 1991). B. burgdorferi infections or serologic evidence of B. burgdorferi infections have been reported in dogs in the United States (3,7,26,29,30). In Europe, relatively few reports exist on LB in animals. In Sweden (13), Denmark (18), Germany (20,21,35,45,47), The Netherlands (19), the United Kingdom (32), Belgium (33), France (9,11,12,14), Switzerland (37), Slovakia (43), Slovenia (34), and Spain (10), antibodies to B. burgdorferi and/or clinical symptoms of LB have been found in dogs. However, in Europe, the use of dogs as sentinel animals for the estimation of the risk of Lyme borreliosis for humans in that region has not been examine...

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Section: Outdoor Activity As a Risk Factor For Lyme Disease?supporting

confidence: 92%

Dogs as Sentinels for Human Lyme Borreliosis in The Netherlands

Goossens¹,

Bogaard²,

Nohlmans

2001

J Clin Microbiol

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“…7 In New Jersey, 34.7% of asymptomatic dogs from 43 municipalities were seropositive. 8 A serosurvey of 380 dogs from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) vendors in Wisconsin revealed 53% seropositivity by IFA. 5 In Michigan, 8% of 299 dogs from Menomonee County in the Upper Peninsula were seropositve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 However, in New Jersey, no significant association with seropositivity was found with age or degree of outdoor activity. 8 In northwestern Spain, the only significant risk factor in dogs was increased exposure to ticks. 17 A geographic information system (GIS) was used to identify environmental variables associated with an increased risk of Lyme disease for human patients in Maryland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only restriction placed on sampling was for half the dogs to weigh Ͻ 15 kg and half to weigh more. On the basis of an average of seroprevalence rates reported in the Northeast, 3,8,15,27 a sample size of 20 dogs per county was determined by power analysis to detect a prevalence of 30 Ϯ 20% (P Ͻ 0.05). Serum samples were obtained from clinics in 25 counties in Wisconsin and 7 counties in northern Illinois.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine surveillance system for Lyme borreliosis in Wisconsin and northern Illinois: geographic distribution and risk factor analysis.

Guerra¹,

Walker²,

Kitron³

2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A seroprevalence survey for Borrelia burgdorferi was conducted among the healthy canine pet population in selected counties of Wisconsin and northern Illinois to determine the distribution of Lyme disease and associated risk factors. Information obtained for each dog included place of residence, Lyme disease vaccination status, history of travel and tick exposure, signalment, and medical history. Serum samples were screened by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by an immunoblot procedure. Seroprevalence by county ranged 0-

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“…The data presented here do not suffer from the quoted problems of cross-reactivity and false positives (41) as it is exceptional for its lack of reactivity. Lindenmayer et al (19) after a comparison of llie enzyme-linked immunosorbenl assay used in the present study reported a maximum specificity of 93.5% (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The Search for Ixodes dammini and Borrelia burgdorferi in Nova Scotia

1991

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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CR BELL, HB SPECHT, BA CooMBs. T he search f or Ixodes dammini and Borre lia burgdoife ri i n Nova Scotia. Can J Infect Dis 1992;3(5): 224·230.1\venty-four Ixodes dammini ticks (23 adu lts and one nymph) have been recovered in Nova Scotia since 1984. There has not been a systematic search for larvae and none has been identified. The recovery of the nymph from a road-killed yellow U1roat bird. Geothypis trichas. in late May 1990 supports U1e contention U1at migrating birds are bringing deer ticks into U1e province every spring. In March and April 1991 . four adult deer ticks were identified. suggesting U1al these ticks had overwintered. These deer Lick specimens indicate U1at il is possible that I dammini is becoming established in Nova Scotia. if il is not already established. There has been no evidence for the existence of Borrelia burgdorjeri in U1e province. The spirochete was not cultured from 650 Dermacentor variabilis ticks. nor were antibodies detected in a small san1ple of feral rodents using an indirect fluorescent antibody lesl. A survey of 137 dog sera san1ples. analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a lso proved negative . There has been no confirmed indigenous case of Lyme disease in Nova Scotia to dale. Fi e ld site 6Field site 3.. T ICK-BORNE LYME DISEASE WAS RECOGNIZED AND C HARACterized in North America in the early 1970s (1 .2). There have now been thousands of cases reported throughout the contiguous United Stales which have contributed to the presen t awareness of the e tiology and epidemiology of the d isease in the United Stales (3.4). Information on the disease in Canada is nol as complete.The first case of Lyme disease in Canada was diagnosed in 1977 (5), and at a sympos ium on Lyme d isease in Canada conducted at the Un iversity of Guelph in January 1991 (6). it was revealed U1al 65 indigenous cases of th e d isease had been reported to the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control in the previous seven years (personal communication). Fifty-four of U1ese cases were limited to Ontario. with only one case occurring in the Maritimes, in New Bru nswick (7). However. there has been some concern expressed by health professionals about the potential for the disease in Nova Scotia largely because of the proximity to disease foci in the state of Maine (8) dammini ticks into the province each spring (9). Certainly because of the very la rge numbers of Dermacen· tor variabiLis ticks in Nova Scotia (10). introduced at the turn of the century. U1ere is palpable concern an1ong the general public. These factors p rovided the impetus in 1984 for this continuing search for the Lyme disease agent. BorreLia burgdor:feri. and the vector. I dammini. in Nova Scotia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of D variabilis:In the summer of 1988 licks were collected from seven field sites within the area endemic forD var iab ilis in south western Nova Scotia. Adults were collected using a 0 .5 nlllag dragged over vegetation along roadsides and clearings near woods. The boundaries of the area sampled were establish...

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Prevalence of canine lyme disease from an endemic area as determined by serosurvey

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Dogs as Sentinels for Human Lyme Borreliosis in The Netherlands

Dogs as Sentinels for Human Lyme Borreliosis in The Netherlands

Canine surveillance system for Lyme borreliosis in Wisconsin and northern Illinois: geographic distribution and risk factor analysis.

The Search for Ixodes dammini and Borrelia burgdorferi in Nova Scotia

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