Prevalence of Candida Species in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Mergoni, G.; Percudani, Daniela; Lodi, Giovanni; Bertani, Pio; Manfredi, Maddalena

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2018.07.016

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Another route of pulp infection is the direct invasion of microorganisms to the pulp during root canal treatment during substandard clinical procedures. C. albicans is the most frequently isolated species in endodontic infections [7,8]. The prevalence of yeast in persistent infections is higher than that in primary infections [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of yeast in persistent infections is higher than that in primary infections [4]. However, two recent systematic reviews found that C. albicans prevalence does vary significantly between primary and secondary endodontic infections [7,8]. In this environment C. albicans can colonise dentinal walls and penetrate into dentinal tubules [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida albicans Biofilm Heterogeneity and Tolerance of Clinical Isolates: Implications for Secondary Endodontic Infections

et al. 2019

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Aim: Endodontic infections are caused by the invasion of various microorganisms into the root canal system. Candida albicans is a biofilm forming yeast and the most prevalent eukaryotic microorganism in endodontic infections. In this study we investigated the ability of C. albicans to tolerate treatment with standard endodontic irrigants NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a combination thereof. We hypothesized that biofilm formed from a panel of clinical isolates differentially tolerate disinfectant regimens, and this may have implications for secondary endodontic infections. Methodology: Mature C. albicans biofilms were formed from 30 laboratory and oral clinical isolates and treated with either 3% NaOCl, 17% EDTA or a sequential treatment of 3% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA for 5 min. Biofilms were then washed, media replenished and cells reincubated for an additional 24, 48 and 72 h at 37 °C. Regrowth was quantified using metabolic reduction, electrical impedance, biofilm biomass and microscopy at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. Results: Microscopic analysis and viability readings revealed a significant initial killing effect by NaOCl, followed by a time dependent significant regrowth of C. albicans, but with inter-strain variability. In contrast to NaOCl, there was a continuous reduction in viability after EDTA treatment. Moreover, EDTA significantly inhibited regrowth after NaOCl treatment, though viable cells were still observed. Conclusions: Our results indicate that different C. albicans biofilm phenotypes grown in a non-complex surface topography have the potential to differentially tolerate standard endodontic irrigation protocols. This is the first study to report a strain dependent impact on efficacy of endodontic irrigants. Its suggested that within the complex topography of the root canal, a more difficult antimicrobial challenge, that existing endodontic irrigant regimens permit cells to regrow and drive secondary infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans Biofilm Heterogeneity and Tolerance of Clinical Isolates: Implications for Secondary Endodontic Infections

et al. 2019

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“…The network of interactions between a host and fungal pathogen becomes even more complex if the fungal cells are accompanied by other pathogenic microorganisms at the site of infection. This occurs in the oral cavity-in subgingival biofilm, in the gingival pockets or root canal system-where C. albicans might form a mixed-species biofilm together with different bacteria, including strict anaerobes like P. gingivalis, providing them protection under aerobic conditions, and also during aggressive and chronic periodontitis [63][64][65]. It was indicated in our previous study that the activity of citrullinating bacterial virulence factor-PPAD-had a certain importance during the formation of dual-species bacterial-fungal biofilm [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptidylarginine Deiminase of Porphyromonas gingivalis Modulates the Interactions between Candida albicans Biofilm and Human Plasminogen and High-Molecular-Mass Kininogen

Karkowska‐Kuleta

Surowiec

Gogól

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Microorganisms that create mixed-species biofilms in the human oral cavity include, among others, the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans and the key bacterial pathogen in periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Both species use arsenals of virulence factors to invade the host organism and evade its immune system including peptidylarginine deiminase that citrullinates microbial and host proteins, altering their function. We assessed the effects of this modification on the interactions between the C. albicans cell surface and human plasminogen and kininogen, key components of plasma proteolytic cascades related to the maintenance of hemostasis and innate immunity. Mass spectrometry was used to identify protein citrullination, and microplate tests to quantify the binding of modified plasminogen and kininogen to C. albicans cells. Competitive radioreceptor assays tested the affinity of citrullinated kinins to their specific cellular receptors. The citrullination of surface-exposed fungal proteins reduced the level of unmodified plasminogen binding but did not affect unmodified kininogen binding. However, the modification of human proteins did not disrupt their adsorption to the unmodified fungal cells. In contrast, the citrullination of kinins exerted a significant impact on their interactions with cellular receptors reducing their affinity and thus affecting the role of kinin peptides in the development of inflammation.

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“…The success of antimicrobial agents in eliminating E. faecalis should also consider their ability to eliminate C. albicans. Successful elimination of E. faecalis accelerates the morphogenesis of C. albicans hyphae and increases the virulence of C. albicans, resulting in persistent endodontic infections that become increasingly difficult to eliminate [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Efficacy of Secang Heartwood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) Solutions on Biofilms of Candida Albicans Atcc 10231

et al. 2019

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Objective: Candida albicans is a predominant fungal species found in persistent root canal infection, and its virulence depends on the ability to formbiofilms. To be able to eliminate this infection, a safe irrigation solution during root canal preparation is needed. This study is conducted to investigatethe antifungal properties of secang heartwood extract solutions on C. albicans biofilm.Methods: C. albicans biofilm was obtained from incubation of C. albicans ATCC 10231 at 96-well plates in 37°C for 24 h. These biofilms were exposedto various treatments: Secang heartwood in three different concentrations (25%, 33%, and 50%), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5%, and controlgroup. The results of the treatment are to see the optical density (OD) value. The higher the OD values, the lower antifungal activity of the solution.Results: The mean OD result from six samples obtained the mean value of various OD values showed in ELISA reader. Antifungal efficacy of 25%secang heartwood was lower than concentration of 33% and 50%. All concentrations of secang heartwood showed higher OD values than 2.5% NaOClbut lower than control group with p=0.01.Conclusion: Secang heartwood possesses antifungal effects against C. albicans biofilm but is lower than 2.5% NaOCl. Concentration of 25% has thestrongest effect against C. albicans among other concentrations. This was a preliminary study of the antifungal efficacy of secang heartwood extractsolutions against C. albicans biofilm. The result indicates that this solution has the potential to be used as an herbal alternative in root canal irrigations.

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Prevalence of Candida Species in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 89 publications

Candida albicans Biofilm Heterogeneity and Tolerance of Clinical Isolates: Implications for Secondary Endodontic Infections

Candida albicans Biofilm Heterogeneity and Tolerance of Clinical Isolates: Implications for Secondary Endodontic Infections

Peptidylarginine Deiminase of Porphyromonas gingivalis Modulates the Interactions between Candida albicans Biofilm and Human Plasminogen and High-Molecular-Mass Kininogen

Antifungal Efficacy of Secang Heartwood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) Solutions on Biofilms of Candida Albicans Atcc 10231

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