Prevalence of Breast Arterial Calcifications in an Ethnically Diverse Population of Women

Reddy, Jhansi; Son, Hong-Ju; Smith, Suzanne J.; Paultre, Furcy; Mosca, Lori

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.11.006

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…10 The prevalence of BACs in our study (26.7%) is in concordance with previous studies reporting estimates between 7% and 35%. 8 Similar to prior reports, preexisting cardiovascular disease, increased age, hypertension, and diabetes were positively associated with an increased prevalence of BAC; however, in contrast to prior studies with smaller patient populations or shorter follow-up, neither BAC nor BAC plus laterality of breast RT was significantly associated with subsequent cardiovascular events. [14][15][16][17] Our study is limited by its retrospective cross-sectional nature, the lack of data on family history, unknown mortality rate and mortality reasons, low response rate, and follow-up time (mean 7.5 years, range 3-24 years).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…8 Although BAC is typically considered a benign finding unrelated to breast cancer risk/mortality, previous studies have suggested that BAC on screening mammography is associated with the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, angiographically defined coronary artery disease, and increased cardiovascular mortality. 9 Potentially, BAC calcification on screening mammography may identify breast cancer patients at higher cardiovascular risk following breast RT for which more aggressive cardiac sparing and aggressive cardiac risk reduction may be warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

No Association Between Left-Breast Radiation Therapy or Breast Arterial Calcification and Long-Term Cardiac Events in Patients with Breast Cancer

Soran

Vargo²,

Polat³

et al. 2014

Journal of Women's Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Association Between Left-Breast Radiation Therapy or Breast Arterial Calcification and Long-Term Cardiac Events in Patients with Breast Cancer

Soran

Vargo²,

Polat³

et al. 2014

Journal of Women's Health

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show abstract

“…However, this likely represents atherosclerotic calcification rather than medial calcification, and the difference is much less in women (28). The prevalence of BAC in the general population is similar in Caucasians and African Americans (29), suggesting that the results presented here are applicable across races and that race does not affect the prevalence of medial arterial calcification. Although this study is limited by the subjective detection of BAC, the small sample sizes, and the retrospective analyses, the results demonstrate the utility of mammography as a specific tool for examining medial vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Breast Arterial Calcification

Duhn

D’Orsi²,

Johnson

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryBackground and objectives Because previous studies have not distinguished between intimal (atherosclerotic) and medial vascular calcification, the prevalence and clinical significance of either condition in chronic or end-stage kidney disease (CKD or ESKD) are unknown. We hypothesized that breast arterial calcification (BAC) is exclusively medial and that mammography can serve as a useful marker of generalized medial calcification in CKD and ESKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurements Arterial calcification was identified histologically in breast tissue or visually in mammograms and radiographs of extremities from patients with CKD or ESKD.Results Medial calcification but no intimal calcification was present in all 16 specimens from patients with CKD or ESKD. In 71 women with ESKD, BAC was present on mammograms in 63% compared with 17% in women without renal insufficiency matched for age, race, and diabetes (P Ͻ 0.001). Age and ESKD duration were significant, independent predictors of BAC. BAC was also present in 36% of mammograms from the same patients performed 5.5 Ϯ 0.7 years before the onset of ESKD (P Ͻ 0.05 versus control) but in only 14% of patients with stage 3 CKD. Comparison of mammograms and extremity radiographs revealed that BAC was present in over 90% of patients with peripheral arterial calcification (PAC), and PAC was observed in less than 6% of patients without BAC.Conclusions BAC is a specific and useful marker of medial vascular calcification in CKD, and its prevalence is markedly increased in ESKD and advanced CKD.

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“…The prevalence of BAC has been shown to vary by ethnicity, 29 and fertility levels also have been shown to vary by ethnicity and education. 30 We were not able to measure other biological or sociological factors during early life that may be important in the pathogenesis of BAC.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Arterial Calcification Is Associated with Reproductive Factors in Asymptomatic Postmenopausal Women

Bielak

Whaley

Sheedy

et al. 2010

Journal of Women's Health

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Objective: The etiology of breast arterial calcification (BAC) is not well understood. We examined reproductive history and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor associations with the presence of detectable BAC in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Methods: Reproductive history and CVD risk factors were obtained in 240 asymptomatic postmenopausal women from a community-based research study who had a screening mammogram within 2 years of their participation in the study. The mammograms were reviewed for the presence of detectable BAC. Age-adjusted logistic regression models were fit to assess the association between each risk factor and the presence of BAC. Multiple variable logistic regression models were used to identify the most parsimonious model for the presence of BAC. Results: The prevalence of BAC increased with increased age ( p < 0.0001). The most parsimonious logistic regression model for BAC presence included age at time of examination, increased parity ( p ¼ 0.01), earlier age at first birth ( p ¼ 0.002), weight, and an age-by-weight interaction term ( p ¼ 0.004). Older women with a smaller body size had a higher probability of having BAC than women of the same age with a larger body size. Conclusions: The presence or absence of BAC at mammography may provide an assessment of a postmenopausal woman's lifetime estrogen exposure and indicate women who could be at risk for hormonally related conditions.

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Prevalence of Breast Arterial Calcifications in an Ethnically Diverse Population of Women

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

No Association Between Left-Breast Radiation Therapy or Breast Arterial Calcification and Long-Term Cardiac Events in Patients with Breast Cancer

No Association Between Left-Breast Radiation Therapy or Breast Arterial Calcification and Long-Term Cardiac Events in Patients with Breast Cancer

Breast Arterial Calcification

Breast Arterial Calcification Is Associated with Reproductive Factors in Asymptomatic Postmenopausal Women

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