Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infections in Pigs on Jeju Island, South Korea, from 2009–2019 and Experimental Infection of Pigs with BVDV Strains Isolated from Cattle

Abstract

On Jeju Island, South Korea, pigs have not been vaccinated against classical swine fever (CSF) since 1999. Analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolated from pigs on Jeju Island between 2009 and 2019 identified five BVDV-1a strains and one BVDV-1b strain. These BVDV types were shown to be the same types as BVDV strains isolated from neighboring cow farms. BVDV antibody-positive pigs (both BVDV-1 and -2) were also detected at 54 of 168 pig farms during this period. In pig infection experiments using BVDV-1a and -2a strains isolated from neighboring cow farms, BVDV-1a was detected in the blood of one of four pigs infected at both 6 and 35 days post-infection (dpi) and in the blood of two of the four pigs at 28 dpi. Pigs showed higher anti-BVDV-1 titers (5.5 ± 1.5 log2) at 35 dpi. BVDV-2a was detected in the blood of one of four pigs infected with this virus at 28 dpi only, and lower antibody titers (2.75 ± 0.75 log2) were seen in these pigs at 35 dpi. While BVDV infection is not particularly pathogenic in pigs, it is still important to monitor porcine BVDV infections due to a differential diagnosis of CSFV.

Pigs in southern Italy are exposed to three ruminant pathogens: an analysis of seroprevalence and risk factors analysis study

“…For some of these pathogens, intraspecies transmission is still the subject of debate in the scientific community [1]. Examples of typical ruminant infections to which pigs are susceptible are Q fever, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) [2][3][4].…”

“…Due to its genomic similarities with classical swine fever virus (CSFV; both are pestiviruses), the virus can also infect pigs [12]. BVD has been described in numerous reports in both pigs and wild boars, and scientific evidence has demonstrated seroconversion and viral shedding with various body fluids after experimental infection [4,[13][14][15]. Further studies have highlighted the absence of persistent and transplacental infections in pigs [16][17][18].…”