Prevalence of Bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopian slaughter cattle based on post-mortem examination

Abstract

A study aimed at describing the magnitude and distribution of gross lesions compatible with bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in Ethiiopian slaughter cattle in five abattoirs (four municipal and one export) located in various cattle husbandry systems in Ethiopia was carried out from July 2006 to January 2007 using detailed meat inspection procedure. Five representative abattoirs (four municipal and one export) located in distinct livestock management systems were selected. A total of 3322 cattle; 2876 (86.6%) male, 446 (13.4%) female; 3094 (93.1%) indigenous zebu, 140 (4.2%) crossbred and 88 (2.7%) pure exotic cattle were included in the study. A nine-year meat inspection record was also analyzed to elucidate the trend of BTB in the local cattle population.Of the carcasses inspected, 337 (10.2%, 95%CI= [9.2-11.2]) had lesions suggestive of tuberculosis, 69 (20.5%) generalized and 268 (79.5%) localized.TB prevalence showed a marked variation between categories of age, breed, class of animals, abattoir, geographic origin and husbandry system. It was higher in old and young animals than middle age group; in exotic than local breed; in calves than other classes of animals. The highest and lowest prevalence of TB was recorded in Adama (24.7%, 95%CI= [21.1-28.7]) and Yabello abattoirs (4.2%, 95%CI= [2.6-6.6]), respectively. Cattle whose origin was from Addis Ababa and its surrounding areas had higher prevalence of TB infection (23.9%, 95%CI= [17.6-31.5]).Cattle maintained in dairy farms had high degree of exposure (23.9%, 95%CI= [16.7-32.9]) to the infection than those maintained in other types of management system. Analysis of meat inspection records also revealed an increasing incidence of TB over the years. Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of tuberculosis in Ethiopian slaughter cattle and this could infer to similar scenario in a reference cattle population in the country. In view of Ethiopia's increasing involvement in livestock export trade, the reported high prevalence of tuberculosis could be a major obstacle, particularly at this moment when sanitary requirements from importing countries are so much strict. Furthermore, the growing concern over increasing incidence of tuberculosis/HIV/AIDS co-infection, the high incidence of extra- pulmonary tuberculosis and a high risk of acquiring zoonotic tuberculosis among the majority of the population emphasize the need for paying the necessary attention towards the control of bovine tuberculosis.

Epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Mexico, bordering the United States, at establishment of controlling strategies

“…In addition, the prevalence of BTB in cattle from Tamaulipas that were exported to and slaughtered in The considerably higher prevalence for the year 1995 was expected because at that time, there were no activities focused in the control of BTB. After the reduction of the prevalence in 1996, there was a slightly rising of this pattern in subsequent years (1997 and 1998), which is consistent with the previously reported in other studies (PAHO, 1992;Tadayon et al, 2008;Demelash et al, 2009). The aforementioned increment is consequence of detecting as positive to skin test animals infected with other Mycobacterium spp.…”

“…For livestock production, BTB is cause of high economic losses due to reduced production, culling of infected animals and condemnation of carcasses (Diguimbaye-Djaibé et al, 2006;Proaño-Perez et al, 2006;Elias et al, 2008). Furthermore, the disease constitutes a barrier for the international trade of livestock when is prevalent in a region (Cousins, 2001;Demelash et al, 2009). In Mexico, the economic losses due to the presence of BTB could be calculated in the order of US$ 450 million, as consequence of a limited exportation of livestock to the United States of America (DOF, 1996).…”

Post-mortem examination and laboratory-based analysis for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis among dairy cattle in Ecuador

“…Demelash et al (2009) showed that the Se of histopathology diagnosis can be affected by the technique used and the number of slides examined. In our study, two slides per specimen were examined, i.e., after HE and after ZN staining.…”

Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis Using Abattoir Meat Inspection in Cattle Slaughtered at Gondar Elfora Abattoir, North Ethiopia

“…In countries like Ethiopia, implementation of detailed necropsy examination of carcasses at slaughter houses continues to be an important step in surveillance [17]. The present study was conducted on cattle slaughtered at Gondar ELFORA abattoir; a number of people are involved in feed lot production systems supplying cattle to surrounding slaughter house.…”