Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in the emerging dairy belts of regional cities in Ethiopia

Mekonnen, Getnet Abie; Conlan, Andrew J. K.; Berg, Stefan; Ayele, Birhanu; Alemu, Alemseged; Guta, Sintayehu; Lakew, Mateios; Tadesse, Biniam; Gebre, Solomon; Wood, James L. N.; Ameni, Gobena

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.04.010

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…These findings are in agreement with those of the studies done by Lamuka et al (2018) and Mekonnen et al. (2019). In their study in Ethiopia, Mekonnen and team found higher odds of M. avium positivity among dairy cattle herds with herd size greater than 20.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Isolation, identification and associated risk factors of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria infection in humans and dromedary camels in Samburu County, Kenya

Asaava

Githui

Mwangi

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria are of public health significance, and zoonotic infection is attributed to the sociocultural practice of consumption of raw milk and the close human–livestock contact in pastoral communities. This study aimed at isolation, identification of mycobacteria from human sputum and camel milk and risk factors assessment in Samburu East, Kenya. Six hundred and twelve camels and 48 people presumed to have tuberculosis (TB) from 86 households in Wamba and Waso regions were screened. Camels were categorized into Somali, Turkana and Rendile breeds. Single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT) was used as a herd‐screening test on lactating camels and a milk sample collected from reactive camels. Sputum samples were collected from eligible members of participating households. A standard questionnaire on possible risk factors for both humans and camels was administered to respective household heads or their representatives. Total camel skin test reactors were 238/612 (38.9%). Milk and sputum samples were analysed at KEMRI/TB research laboratory for microscopy, GeneXpert®, culture and identification. Isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at Inqaba biotec in South Africa. Sixty‐four isolates were acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) positive of which M. fortuitum (3), M. szulgai (20), M. monacense (5), M. lehmanni (4), M. litorale (4), M. elephantis (3), M. duvalii (3), M. brasiliensis (1), M. arcueilense (1) and M. lentiflavum (1) were from milk; M. fortuitum (1), M. szulgai (2) and M. litorale (1) were from humans. Risk factors included the following: Turkana breed (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2–9.3), replacements from outside the County (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 0.3–12.3), presence of other domestic species (small stock; OR = 4.6) and replacement from within the herd (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 0.7–14.7). Zoonotic risk practices included raw milk consumption, shared housing and handling camels. Monitoring of zoonotic NTM through surveillance and notification systems is required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Isolation, identification and associated risk factors of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria infection in humans and dromedary camels in Samburu County, Kenya

Asaava

Githui

Mwangi

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…The result of the study indicated that the prevalence bTB was low in cattle slaughtered on the basis of lesion. This observation was similar with the observations made by other studies in different abattoirs in the country prior to the present study [21][22][23]. This observation can be related to the fact that almost all (about 98%) the cattle that are slaughtered in the country are indigenous zebu breed which are relatively resistant to bTB [17,[24][25][26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Cross-sectional Study on Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of Tuberculosis in Central Ethiopia

Woldemariam¹,

Mamo²,

Zewude³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis (TB) from cattle to humans has long been recognized while its reverse zoonotic transmission from humans to animals has recently been reported. The socioeconomic situations of the rural communities of Ethiopia are conducive for the zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of TB between cattle and human. The objective of this study was to investigate the zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission TB between humans and cattle central Ethiopia.Methods: To achieve this objective a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1896 cattle slaughtered in two abattoirs and 392 TB suspicious human subjects visiting health institutions for treatment. Post mortem examination, mycobacteriological culture, and spoligotyping were used for the study. In addition, the Spoligotype International Types and VNTR (variable number of DNA tandem repeats) International Types (SITVIT2) database and the online “Run TB-Lineage” were used to identify SIT and lineages of the human and cattle isolates.Results: Gross TB lesion was detected in 4.2% (80/1896) the slaughtered cattle and predominantly (52.5%) found in the thoracic cavity. But culture positivity was only 26.3% (21/80) in suspicious lesions. Of the 21 cattle isolates, 12 (57.2%) were M. bovis while the remaining nine (42.8%) were M. tuberculosis. SIT50, SIT118 and SIT1318 were isolated from both humans and cattle. Similar to the low culture yield in cattle tissues, only 22% (86/392) the sputa from TB suspicious humans were culture positive. These 86 human isolates were classified into 81 M. tuberculosis, three M. africanum and two M. bovis by spoligotyping. The two human M. bovis isolates had the pattern of SB1443, which was not isolated from cattle in this study.Conclusion: The zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmissions of TB were confirmed in Ethiopia by the isolation of two M. bovis from human and isolation of nine M. tuberculosis from cattle, which suggested higher role of M. tuberculosis in cattle compared to the role of M. bovis in humans.

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“…In the peripheral regions of Ethiopia, the prevalence in the dairy sector has been increasing progressively as a consequence of dairy expansion to fulfill the need for dairy products arose from the growing human population. Studies in these areas showed prevalence between 1.4 and 13.6% (14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype Diversity of Mycobacterium bovis and Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Emerging Dairy Regions of Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic in Ethiopia with higher prevalence in cattle, particularly in the central parts. Spread of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) to wider regions is inevitable in uncontrolled conditions. This study was conducted to explore the pathology, characterize M. bovis strains, and describe genotypic diversity to demonstrate possible epidemiological links in emerging dairy areas of Ethiopia, namely, Mekelle and Gondar. Twenty-seven bTB positive cattle identified by the Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (SICCT) test were subjected to post-mortem inspection to determine lesion distribution and pathological score. Samples from tissues with visible tuberculous or suspected non-visible lesions were processed and cultured following a standard protocol. Isolates identified as M. bovis by Region of Difference (RD)-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were also spoligotyped to determine their spoligotype patterns. Post-mortem inspection of visceral organs indicated bTB suggestive lesions in 41% of the animals, with 25% being in the lungs. Lymph nodes from 77% of the animals had lesions. Fifty-five isolates identified from 24 of the slaughtered animals were confirmed as M. bovis. No other mycobacterial species were isolated. Spoligotyping classified strains from 21 of these animals into seven spoligotype patterns: SB0133,

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Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in the emerging dairy belts of regional cities in Ethiopia

Cited by 53 publications

References 61 publications

Isolation, identification and associated risk factors of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria infection in humans and dromedary camels in Samburu County, Kenya

Isolation, identification and associated risk factors of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria infection in humans and dromedary camels in Samburu County, Kenya

A Cross-sectional Study on Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of Tuberculosis in Central Ethiopia

Genotype Diversity of Mycobacterium bovis and Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Emerging Dairy Regions of Ethiopia

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