Prevalence of Bourbon and Heartland viruses in field collected ticks at an environmental field station in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA

Aziati, Ishmael D.; McFarland, Derek; Antia, Avan; Joshi, Astha; Aviles-Gamboa, Anahi; Lee, Preston; Harastani, Houda H.; Wang, David; Adalsteinsson, Solny A.; Boon, Adrianus C. M.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102080

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Countywide, 0.25% of A. americanum nymphs were infected with rates at individual positive sites of 2.02% and 1.00%. These rates are not substantially lower than MLE estimates in nymphal A. americanum near the site of a human case in Missouri (0.7% across all sites, 3.1% at a single positive site) (Savage et al 2017), and in general, adult rates are higher than nymphs (Savage et al 2017, 2018, Aziati et al 2023). In 2021, A. americanum comprised 70% of submissions by county residents to Monmouth County's Tick Identification Service, approximately half of which were adults (R.A. Jordan, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Map of eastern US counties with published evidence of BRBV in humans, animals, and ticks. Inset: Monmouth County 2021 surveillance sites with RT-qPCR-positive ticks.Sources: Kosoy et al (2015), Savage et al (2017, 2018), Bricker et al (2019), Jackson et al (2019), Komar et al (2020), Cumbie et al (2022), Aziati et al (2023), Dupuis et al (2023). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been detected in ticks ( A. americanum and Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann) in Virginia, and deer in both Virginia and North Carolina were seropositive (Komar et al 2020, Cumbie et al 2022). To the west, viral RNA in A. americanum ticks, seropositive animals including deer, and human disease cases have been reported from Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma (Kosoy et al 2015, Savage et al 2017, 2018, Bricker et al 2019, Jackson et al 2019, Aziati et al 2023, Bamunuarachchi et al 2022) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infected with Bourbon virus in New Jersey, USA

Egizi

Wagner

Jordan

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum L.) are expanding within the northeast United States, a region historically focused on Ixodes scapularis-transmitted diseases. In Monmouth County, NJ, the shift has been dramatic, and lone star ticks now vastly outnumber blacklegged ticks. As a result, there is an enhanced need to focus on the potential health risks of A. americanum-transmitted pathogens, such as the emerging Heartland (HRTV) and Bourbon (BRBV) viruses. We screened 1,205 nymphal lone star ticks for HRTV and BRBV using RT-qPCR assays and detected BRBV in 3 ticks collected in Monmouth County, NJ, in 2021. Additionally, we sequenced a complete BRBV genome from a single infected specimen, finding 99.4% identity with human pathogenic isolates from the eastern-central United States. Our results have important public health implications for a region only recently becoming aware of public health risks posed by lone star ticks. Of note, we report successful detection of viral RNA in samples that were stored and intended for DNA preservation, for example, kept in ethanol at room temperature, which may reduce barriers for public health agencies seeking to expand their tick testing to include viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infected with Bourbon virus in New Jersey, USA

Egizi

Wagner

Jordan

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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“…Reports that BRBV infections in patients preceded tick exposures [1, 2] provided the first indications for an arbovirus-borne disease. Subsequent systematic screenings of historical and recently gathered tick collections from affected areas in the Midwest USA detected BRBV in the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum [3, 5, 6, 30, 74]. The vector competence of BRBV was also experimentally verified [75].…”

Section: The Role Of Ticks In the Transmission Cycle Of Thogotovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of BRBV in its tick hosts, including H. longicornis , is below 1 % and comparable to that of Heartland virus (HRTV), another zoonotic virus associated with A. americanum . S tudies investigating both BRBV and HRTV prevalence in the same tick collections found similar infection rates (IRs, positive ticks per 1000) of 0.25 (BRBV) and 0.51 (HRTV) [5] and 5.6–14 (BRBV) and 4.2–36.7 (HRTV) [74], respectively. Furthermore, the focal appearance of BRBV and the relatively low overall prevalence is reminiscent of other tick borne viruses such as Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe (IR of 4.5–10.5/1000) [82] and Powassan virus (POWV) (historical mean IR of 13/1000) in North America [83].…”

Section: The Role Of Ticks In the Transmission Cycle Of Thogotovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bourbon virus, a newly discovered zoonotic thogotovirus

Bendl,

Fuchs,

Kochs

2023

Journal of General Virology

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The recent discovery of Bourbon virus (BRBV) put a new focus on the genus of thogotoviruses as zoonotic, tick-transmitted pathogens within the orthomyxovirus family. Since 2014, BRBV has been linked to several human cases in the Midwest United States with severe acute febrile illness and a history of tick bites. The detection of the virus in the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum, and a high sero-prevalence in wild animals suggest widespread circulation of BRBV. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral RNA genome classified BRBV into the subgroup of Dhori-like thogotoviruses. Strikingly, BRBV is apathogenic in mice, contrasting not only with the fatal disease in affected patients but also with the severe disease in mice caused by other members of the thogotovirus genus. To gain insights into this intriguing discrepancy, we will review the molecular biology and pathology of BRBV and its unique position within the thogotovirus genus. Lastly, we will discuss the zoonotic threat posed by this newly discovered pathogen.

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