Abstract:In venous insufficiency states, venous blood escapes from its normal antegrade path of flow and refluxes back down the veins into an already congested leg. Venous insufficiency symptoms are most commonly caused by valvular incompetence in the low-pressure superficial venous system. Patients with venous insufficiency may have signs and symptoms of fatigue, heaviness, aching, cramping, throbbing, itching, lower extremity discoloration, and ulcer. Varicose veins are a sign of underlying venous insufficiency and a… Show more
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