Objectives:The association of noninfectious diarrhea with extraintestinal infections such as otitis media, pneumonia, or febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) is commonly known as parenteral diarrhea. Although this association has been described for over a century and parenteral diarrhea is mentioned in current reference literature, available evidence for this association seems to be limited. The primary research question was to determine if there is an association between UTIs and reports of diarrhea.Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed using the medical records from October 1, 2017, to March 29, 2019 at our tertiary pediatric medical center. We searched for all cases of afebrile and febrile UTIs evaluated in the pediatric emergency department or admitted directly to the hospital for treatment. All children younger than 5 years were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included children with recent urological procedures, known urinary tract disease, immune suppression, sepsis, or known gastrointestinal diseases. The medical records of each of the pediatric patients with culture-positive UTIs were reviewed for reports of concurrent diarrhea or diarrhea-like illness. In addition, using a comparative quantitative design, we performed a retrospective chart review of all children younger than 5 years with 1 of 2 noninfectious chief complaints, head trauma, and extremity fractures, presenting during the same period to assess the background rate of reported diarrhea.This research project received the approval of the University of South Alabama's Institutional Review Board.