Prevalence of Autoantibody in Cerebrospinal Fluids from Dogs with Various CNS Diseases

Matsuki, Naoaki; Fujiwara, Kaori; Tamahara, Satoshi; Uchida, Katsuhisa; Matsunaga, Satoru; Nakayama, Hiroyuki; Doi, Kunio; Ogawa, Hiroyuki; Ono, Kenichiro

doi:10.1292/jvms.66.295

Cited by 50 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The present study was designed to identify the autoantigen for anti-astrocyte autoantibodies, which were frequently detected in the CSF from NME cases [12]. All of the present 9 cases also possessed anti-astrocyte autoantibodies, which were detected by an IFA test on frozen sections of the normal canine cerebrum (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Histopathology of NME is characterized by lymphocytic inflammation and subsequent necrosis in the cerebral cortex [20]. While the pathogenesis of NME is unclear, Uchida et al [22] and our previous report [12] demonstrated that dogs with NME possessed anti-astrocyte autoantibodies in their cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs), suggesting that NME is an autoimmune disease. In addition, Suzuki et al [20] reported the immunoglobulin and complement deposition on astrocytes in an NME case, supporting the pathological roles of anti-astrocyte autoantibodies.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Autoantibodies against Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in Cerebrospinal Fluids from Pug Dogs with Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT. Cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) from 9 Pug dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME: Pug dog encephalitis) were examined to identify the antigens for anti-astrocyte autoantibodies. Each CSF exhibited a positive reaction to the cytoplasm of cultured canine astrocytes by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. In an immunoblotting analysis on normal canine brain proteins, eight of 9 CSFs showed a common band of 52 kDa, corresponding to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and all of 9 CSFs reacted with purified bovine GFAP. From these results, GFAP is one of the common autoantigens in Pug dogs with NME. On the other hand, the reactivity of CSFs to chymotrypsin-digested bovine GFAP fragments were variable among dogs, indicating that the antibodies in the CSFs recognized different epitopes on GFAP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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confidence: 97%

Autoantibodies against Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in Cerebrospinal Fluids from Pug Dogs with Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis

et al. 2007

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“…CSF analysis conducted in our dog showed similar findings. Matsuki et al indicated that the CSF in dogs with necrotizing encephalitis (NME) or GME was strongly positive for anti-GFAP autoantibody [13]. In our dog too, the CSF distemper IP antibody titer was slightly elevated (reference value: CSF level/serum level < 200), although the results of the distemper antigen test were negative.…”

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confidence: 50%

“…GME mainly develops in the cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord, although it can also develop in the eyes [9]. The definitive diagnosis of GME is made by histopathological examination although several studies have revealed that imaging procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody tests assist in the clinical diagnosis [12,13,21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ocular Granulomatous Meningoencephalomyelitis in a Dog: Magnetic Resonance Images and Clinical Findings

Kitagawa

Okada

Watari

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A 4-year-old female miniature dachshund presented with a history of progressive decrease in vision, neck pain, and ataxia for which an MRI was performed 21 days after the initial consultation. The optic nerves showed isointensities on T1-(T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) images that were enhanced by the contrast medium. The optic chiasm was swollen. Other parts of the cerebral parenchyma, not only the visual pathway, showed symmetrical hyperintensities on T2W images. Cerebrospinal fluid showed increased anti-GFAP autoantibodies. The dog received corticosteroid therapy despite which she exhibited anorexia, vomiting, and lethargy. Hence, a follow-up MRI was repeated 30 days after the initial consultation in which T2W images showed enlargement of the hyperintense area. The dog died 45 days after the initial consultation. Postmortem pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME). KEY WORDS: canine, MRI, ocular GME.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71(2): 233-237, 2009 Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Depending on the mode of onset, it is classified into 3 forms: focal, disseminated, and ocular [9]. GME mainly develops in the cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord, although it can also develop in the eyes [9]. The definitive diagnosis of GME is made by histopathological examination although several studies have revealed that imaging procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody tests assist in the clinical diagnosis [12,13,21].Many studies have reported the MRI findings of focal and disseminated forms of GME with few studies presenting those of the ocular form. We report the clinical signs and MRI findings of ocular form GME that was pathologically diagnosed in a dog.A 4-year-old female miniature dachshund had a 2-month history of progressive decrease in vision leading to blindness. She developed neck pain and ataxia 1 month after the onset of her symptoms. When dexamethasone administration at a local clinic did not receive in alleviation of her symptoms, the dog was brought to Nihon University Animal Medical Center. On preliminary examination, bilateral pupillary dilatation was observed without ocular signs such as discharge or conjunctival hyperemia. Ocular tension was slightly increased in both eyes (L23, R24 mmHg; reference values 19.2-5.9 [8]). Fundus examination revealed an irregular left optic disc suggestive of papilledema. Ultrasonic imaging of the eyes revealed enlargement of the optic discs.Neurological examination revealed a decreased menace reaction, pupillary dilatation, and loss of the light reflex in both eyes. An MRI was planned, but it was delayed due to the owner's circumstances, and corticosteroid therapy was continued. Since the dog exhibited circling to the left, MRI and CSF collection were performed 21 days after the initial consultation. The left and right optic nerves showed isointensities...

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“…Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) is a delayed-type, T-cell dependent allergic response in the brain tissue [22]. Additionally, necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is an autoimmune disease that affects brain tissue [13,25,27]. Thus, a highly correlated diagnostic marker is needed to correctly diagnose the various forms and progression of encephalitic disease in the clinic.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Protein is Present in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs with Encephalitis

Miyasho

Nakamura

Nomura

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Many cases of encephalitic disease with unknown etiologies have been reported in specific breeds of small dogs. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in neuronal cells was recently found to be a novel cytokine-like mediator that is a marker of neuronal necrosis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether HMGB1 levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs suspected of having encephalitis. CSF was obtained from 31 dogs that were diagnosed with an encephalitic disease by clinical examinations and magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning. The CSF samples were analyzed via western blotting (WB) and an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. The mean HMGB1 concentration was significantly higher in the encephalitic dogs than that in the healthy controls. The concentrations of HMGB1 were correlated with the cell counts and total protein concentrations, which are known CSF indicators of the neuronal inflammation associated with encephalitis. These results suggest that HMGB1 protein in CSF confirms the presence of necrosis and inflammation in most cases of canine encephalitis and that HMGB1 will be a new indicator of encephalitis.

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Prevalence of Autoantibody in Cerebrospinal Fluids from Dogs with Various CNS Diseases

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Autoantibodies against Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in Cerebrospinal Fluids from Pug Dogs with Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis

Autoantibodies against Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in Cerebrospinal Fluids from Pug Dogs with Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis

Ocular Granulomatous Meningoencephalomyelitis in a Dog: Magnetic Resonance Images and Clinical Findings

High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Protein is Present in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs with Encephalitis

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