Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Incarcerated Males: Legal Implications

Fazio, Rachel L.; Pietz, Christina A.; Burton-Madden, Merkieann; Henry, Laura; Maxey, Monique; Ivey, Michelle

doi:10.1037/e633292010-001

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…McCarthy and colleagues found that screening methods in their study identified "more white prisoners with NDD than was representative of the broader prison population, despite a lack of sampling or referral bias" . This is consistent with the findings from other studies (e.g., Fazio et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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A systematic PRISMA review of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in secure psychiatric care: prevalence, treatment, risk assessment and other clinical considerations

Allely

2018

JCP

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Purpose Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with specific assessment, specific difficulties, needs and therapeutic issues and therefore are a challenging group for forensic services. Given the challenge that individuals with ASD present to forensic services, the suggested increase in the number of this group within this setting and the relatively little amount of research which suggests they face a number of difficulties within the prison environment, the purpose of this paper is to identify and review all the studies which have been carried out investigating any aspect of ASD in relation to secure hospital settings. Design/methodology/approach Seven internet-based bibliographic databases were used for the present review. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Findings A total of 12 studies were included in this review; 3 looked at the prevalence of ASD in secure psychiatric hospitals. One study evaluated the clinical utility of the AQ screening tool to assess self-reported autistic traits in secure psychiatric settings. Three explored any type of characteristics of patients with ASD detained in secure psychiatric hospitals. One study investigated the experiences or quality of life of patients with an ASD detained in secure psychiatric care. Two studies investigated awareness, knowledge and/or views regarding patients with ASD held by staff working within secure psychiatric hospitals. Lastly, three studies (one of which was also included in the prevalence category above) looked at the effectiveness of interventions or treatment of patients with ASD in secure psychiatric hospitals. Clinical recommendations and future research directions are discussed. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, this is the first review to explore what research has been carried out looking specifically at patients with ASD in relation to secure forensic settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 6(2), 102-111. Fazio, R. L., Pietz, C. A., & Denney, R. L. (2012). An estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in an incarcerated population.…”

Section: Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic PRISMA review of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in secure psychiatric care: prevalence, treatment, risk assessment and other clinical considerations

Allely

2018

JCP

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“…Other studies have sought to obtain information on ASD using prison staff as informants (Robinson et al 2012) or self-rating screening tools (Fazio et al, 2012). These studies have tended to find lower rates of ASD traits than the current study.…”

Section: Limitations and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Studies of offenders with ASD across the wider forensic and criminal justice services have produced mixed results when looking at prevalence (Sabet et al, 2015). In a Swedish study of young offenders referred for forensic assessment: 15% had ASD with further 12% having probable ASD (Siponmaa et al, 2001), a US study in a maximum secure prison found that 4.4% of participants had significant ASD traits (Fazio et al, 2012) and Hare and colleagues (1999) found an ASD rate of 2.4% in three high secure hospitals in England while a study in the Scottish prison service found a rate of just 0.93% (Robinson et al 2012). Haw et al (2013) looked at the characteristics of male patients in a low secure setting with ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder traits among prisoners

et al. 2016

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits among prisoners. The authors tested the hypotheses that ASD traits would: be continuously distributed among prisoners; be unrecognised by prison staff; and predict whether a prisoner met diagnostic criteria for ASD. Design/methodology/approach – ASD traits were measured among 240 prisoners in a male prison in London, UK using the 20-item Autism Quotient (AQ-20). Further diagnostic assessment was carried out using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results were compared with ASD data from the 2007 Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Findings – There were 39 participants with an AQ-20 score=10; indicating significant autistic traits. The distribution of ASD traits among participants appeared to be normal and was not significantly higher than the rate found in a population-based sample from England. Originality/value – Few studies have explored ASD traits among prisoners. The authors identified high levels of unrecognised ASD traits among a group of male prisoners, many of whom went on to meet diagnostic criteria for ASD. The study highlights the need for specialist assessment within the criminal justice system for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD. The authors discuss the process of carrying out an ASD assessment project in a prison.

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“…119 We found small numbers diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders and, given recent research in secure settings, these figures might be an underestimation of the true extent of this pathology. 120 We relied on case notes for data collection, rather than applying diagnostic assessments ourselves; this might therefore be suggestive of undetected autistic spectrum disorders in the long-stay population. Self-harm is another area to highlight, and the high figures for self-harm and serious suicide attempts are of concern: one in seven had committed a serious suicide attempt during their current admission to secure care.…”

Section: Characteristics and Needs Of Long-stay Forensic Psychiatric mentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed-methods study exploring the characteristics and needs of long-stay patients in high and medium secure settings in England: implications for service organisation

Völlm

Edworthy

Holley

et al. 2017

Health Serv Deliv Res

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, et al. A mixed-methods study exploring the characteristics and needs of long-stay patients in high and medium secure settings in England: implications for service organisation. Health Serv Deliv Res 2017;5(11). Health Services and Delivery ResearchISSN 2050-4349 (Print) ISSN 2050-4357 (Online) This journal is a member of and subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (www.publicationethics.org/).Editorial contact: nihredit@southampton.ac.ukThe full HS&DR archive is freely available to view online at www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hsdr. Print-on-demand copies can be purchased from the report pages of the NIHR Journals Library website: www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk Criteria for inclusion in the Health Services and Delivery Research journalReports are published in Health Services and Delivery Research (HS&DR) if (1) they have resulted from work for the HS&DR programme or programmes which preceded the HS&DR programme, and (2) they are of a sufficiently high scientific quality as assessed by the reviewers and editors. HS&DR programmeThe Health Services and Delivery Research (HS&DR) programme, part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was established to fund a broad range of research. It combines the strengths and contributions of two previous NIHR research programmes: the Health Services Research (HSR) programme and the Service Delivery and Organisation (SDO) programme, which were merged in January 2012.The HS&DR programme aims to produce rigorous and relevant evidence on the quality, access and organisation of health services including costs and outcomes, as well as research on implementation. The programme will enhance the strategic focus on research that matters to the NHS and is keen to support ambitious evaluative research to improve health services.For more information about the HS&DR programme please visit the website: http://www.nets.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/hsdr This reportThe research reported in this issue of the journal was funded by the HS&DR programme or one of its preceding programmes as project number 11/1024/06. The contractual start date was in March 2013. The final report began editorial review in March 2016 and was accepted for publication in September 2016. The authors have been wholly responsible for all data collection, analysis and interpretation, and for writing up their work. The HS&DR editors and production house have tried to ensure the accuracy of the authors' report and would like to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments on the final report document. However, they do not accept liability for damages or losses arising from material published in this report.This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the HS&DR programme or the Department of Health. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the ...

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Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Incarcerated Males: Legal Implications

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

A systematic PRISMA review of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in secure psychiatric care: prevalence, treatment, risk assessment and other clinical considerations

A systematic PRISMA review of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in secure psychiatric care: prevalence, treatment, risk assessment and other clinical considerations

Autism spectrum disorder traits among prisoners

A mixed-methods study exploring the characteristics and needs of long-stay patients in high and medium secure settings in England: implications for service organisation

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