Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Thomas, Rae; Sanders, Sharon; Doust, Jenny; Beller, Elaine; Glasziou, Paul

doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3482

Cited by 1,482 publications

(1,026 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition behaviourally defined by patterns of persistent age inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity [1], affecting 3-7% of children and adults worldwide [2][3][4][5]. ADHD is also characterized by cognitive difficulties [6], and impacts significantly on management of daily routines [7], school [8], work [9] and social relationships [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework

Mahdi

Ronzano

Knüppel

et al. 2018

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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This is the fourth and final study designed to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, and children and youth version, ICF-CY) core sets for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate aspects of functioning and environment of individuals with ADHD as documented by the ICF-CY in clinical practice settings. An international cross-sectional multi-centre study was applied, involving nine units from eight countries: Denmark, Germany, India, Italy, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sweden and Taiwan. Clinicians and clinical researchers rated the functioning level of 112 children, adolescents and adults with ADHD using the extended ICF-CY checklist version 2.1a. The ratings were based on a variety of information sources, such as medical records, medical history, clinical observations, clinical questionnaires, psychometric tests and structured interviews with participants and family members. In total, 113 ICF-CY categories were identified, of which 50 were related to the activities and participation, 33 to environmental factors and 30 to body functions. The clinical study also yielded strengths related to ADHD, which included temperament and personality functions and recreation and leisure. The study findings endorse the complex nature of ADHD, as evidenced by the many functional and contextual domains impacted in ADHD. ICF-CY based tools can serve as foundation for capturing various functional profiles and environmental facilitators and barriers. The international nature of the ICF-CY makes it possible to develop user-friendly tools that can be applied globally and in multiple settings, ranging from clinical services and policymaking to education and research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework

Mahdi

Ronzano

Knüppel

et al. 2018

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…1 It affects approximately 5-7% of the school-aged population, [2][3][4] and slightly under 3% in adults. [5][6][7] On average, individuals with ADHD earn lower school grades or standardized test scores, and they receive less schooling, compared with peers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Medication Use and Performance on Higher Education Entrance Tests in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Sjölander

Cederlöf

et al. 2017

JAMA Psychiatry

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Association between medication use and performance on higher education entrance tests in individuals with Abstract IMPORTANCEIndividuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at greater risk for academic problems. Pharmacologic treatment is effective in reducing core symptoms of ADHD, but it is unclear whether it helps to improve academic outcomes. OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of the use of ADHD medication and the performance of higher education entrance test in individuals with ADHD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cohort study followed 61,640 individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD from January 01, 2006 to December 31, 2013. Using Swedish national registers, we extracted records of their pharmacological treatment along with data from the Sweden Scholastic Aptitude Test. Using a within-patient design, we compared test scores when patients were taking medication for ADHD with scores when they were not. EXPOSURESPeriods with and without ADHD medications. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESScores from the higher education entrance examination. RESULTS Within

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“…1 Stimulant medication is the most common treatment of ADHD, with recent estimates indicating that ∼3.5 million children in the United States are prescribed ADHD medications. 2 Given the high occurrence of stimulant use, it is imperative to carefully examine potential adverse effects, including the influence stimulant medications may have on youth sleep.…”

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Stimulant Medications and Sleep for Youth With ADHD: A Meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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CONTEXT: Mixed findings exist on whether stimulant medications alter youth sleep. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of stimulant medications on sleep.DATA STUDIES: Studies published through March 2015 were collected via CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed. References of retrieved articles were reviewed.STUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included studies with children/adolescents who had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), random assignment to stimulants, and objective sleep measurement. Studies that did not include information about key variables were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Study-level, child-level, and sleep data were extracted by 2 independent coders. Effect sizes were calculated by using random effects models. Potential moderators were examined by using mixed effect models.RESULTS: A total of 9 articles (N = 246) were included. For sleep latency, the adjusted effect size (0.54) was significant, indicating that stimulants produce longer sleep latencies. Frequency of dose per day was a significant moderator. For sleep efficiency, the adjusted effect size (20.32) was significant. Significant moderators included length of time on medication, number of nights of sleep assessed, polysomnography/actigraphy, and gender. Specifically, the effect of medication was less evident when youth were taking medication longer. For total sleep time, the effect size (20.59) was significant, such that stimulants led to shorter sleep duration. LIMITATIONS:Limitations include few studies, limited methodologic variability, and lack of unpublished studies.CONCLUSIONS: Stimulant medication led to longer sleep latency, worse sleep efficiency, and shorter sleep duration. Overall, youth had worse sleep on stimulant medications. It is recommended that pediatricians carefully monitor sleep problems and adjust treatment to promote optimal sleep.Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NebraskaMs Kidwell contributed to the conceptualization of the study, organized literature searches, coded the original studies, and drafted the introduction and discussion sections; Ms Van Dyk contributed to the conceptualization of the study, coded the original studies for reliability analyses, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Ms Lundahl contributed to the conceptualization of the study, conducted the meta-analyses, and drafted the methods and results sections; Dr Nelson contributed to the conceptualization of the study and provided critical editing of the manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 1,482 publications

References 22 publications

An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework

An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework

Association Between Medication Use and Performance on Higher Education Entrance Tests in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Stimulant Medications and Sleep for Youth With ADHD: A Meta-analysis

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