Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in older adults in the Netherlands

Michielsen, Marieke; Semeijn, E.J.; Comijs, Hannie C.; Ven, Peter van de; Beekman, Aartjan T.F.; Deeg, Dorly J. H.; Kooij, J. J. Sandra

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101196

Cited by 173 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Finally, since no diagnostic criteria for ADHD in older adults exist, we used modified criteria, which required the cutoff score of four symptoms or more of either inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity during the 6 months prior to the interview, which implies the maintenance of partial diagnostic status with impairment. (Michielsen et al 2012). These criteria might be best for older adults (Kooij et al 2005), although the validity of those criteria has not been studied yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These criteria might be best for older adults (Kooij et al 2005), although the validity of those criteria has not been studied yet. When applying the DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD in the current sample, the prevalence rate would be 2.8 %, whereas the prevalence with the modified criteria was 4.2 % (Michielsen et al 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To reduce the number of interviews needed, ADHD data were collected using a two-phase sampling design, in which respondents with ADHD were identified using non-proportional stratified sampling (Michielsen et al 2012). The ADHD screener (Barkley et al 2008; see ''Measures'' Section) was incorporated into the interview at wave 2008/09 (N = 1494; phase 1 for the current article).…”

Section: Study Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been shown that ADHD persists into adulthood and old age (Polanczyk and Rohde 2007;Michielsen et al 2012). Michielsen et al (2012) found a prevalence rate of 4.2 % in older adults. Little is known about the stability of the ADHD symptoms over a long period of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Lifetime stability of ADHD symptoms in older adults

Semeijn

Comijs

Vet

et al. 2015

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to continue into old age. Studies in children and younger adults show a reduction in hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, whereas the number of inattentive symptoms stays stable. The current study examined the lifetime stability of ADHD symptoms up to old age. Data on ADHD diagnosis and symptoms were collected in a two-phase side-study (N = 231) of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Paired t tests and ANCOVAs were used to analyze the data. Paired t test suggests continuity of the number of reported ADHD symptoms currently present and present in childhood. The change in the balance of inattentive/hyperactive-impulsive symptoms at present and in childhood is also the same in persons with ADHD. Finally, the difference in the change in the balance of inattentive/hyperactive-impulsive symptoms in those with and without ADHD suggests continuity throughout the life span. Our results suggest that diagnostic criteria developed for younger adults may be used among older adults. However, we collected our data retrospectively, which may have biased our results. Future research should follow larger cohorts of patients with ADHD prospectively over the life span.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Study Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lifetime stability of ADHD symptoms in older adults

Semeijn

Comijs

Vet

et al. 2015

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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“…Although there is disagreement about the actual percentage of ADHD children who will still suffer from the disorder in adulthood (Willoughby 2003), there is little doubt that it is a substantial proportion. As ADHD symptoms have also been reported in older adults, lifetime stability of ADHD is assumed (Guldberg-Kjär et al 2013;Kooij et al 2005;Michielsen et al 2012;Semeijn et al 2016). Regarding the developmental trajectory, it is notable that the clinical picture of ADHD in adulthood differs from the clinical picture of childhood ADHD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting patients with ADHD: Missed opportunities?

Tucha

2017

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Motor Vehicle Crash Risk in Older Adult Drivers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Liu,

Chihuri,

Mielenz

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceSymptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as inattentiveness and impulsivity, could affect daily functioning and driving performance throughout the life span. Previous research on ADHD and driving safety is largely limited to adolescents and young adults.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of ADHD and the association between ADHD and crash risk among older adult drivers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study collected data from primary care clinics and residential communities in 5 US sites (Ann Arbor, Michigan; Baltimore, Maryland; Cooperstown, New York; Denver, Colorado; and San Diego, California) between July 6, 2015, and March 31, 2019. Participants were active drivers aged 65 to 79 years at baseline enrolled in the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers project who were studied for up to 44 months through in-vehicle data recording devices and annual assessments. The data analysis was performed between July 15, 2022, and August 14, 2023.ExposureLifetime ADHD based on an affirmative response to the question of whether the participant had ever had ADHD or had ever been told by a physician or other health professional that he or she had ADHD.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were hard-braking events defined as maneuvers with deceleration rates of 0.4g or greater, self-reported traffic ticket events, and self-reported vehicular crashes. Multivariable negative binomial modeling was used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) and 95% CIs of outcomes according to exposure status.ResultsOf the 2832 drivers studied, 1500 (53.0%) were women and 1332 (47.0%) were men with a mean (SD) age of 71 (4) years. The lifetime prevalence of ADHD in the study sample was 2.6%. Older adult drivers with ADHD had significantly higher incidence rates of hard-braking events per 1000 miles than those without ADHD (1.35 [95% CI, 1.30-1.41] vs 1.15 [95% CI, 1.14-1.16]), as well as self-reported traffic ticket events per 1 million miles (22.47 [95% CI, 16.06-31.45] vs 9.74 [95% CI, 8.99-10.55]) and self-reported vehicular crashes per 1 million miles (27.10 [95% CI, 19.95-36.80] vs 13.50 [95% CI, 12.61-14.46]). With adjustment for baseline characteristics, ADHD was associated with a significant 7% increased risk of hard-braking events (aIRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12), a 102% increased risk of self-reported traffic ticket events (aIRR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.42-2.88), and a 74% increased risk of self-reported vehicular crashes (aIRR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26-2.40).Conclusions and RelevanceAs observed in this prospective cohort study, older adult drivers with ADHD may be at a significantly elevated crash risk compared with their counterparts without ADHD. These findings suggest that effective interventions to improve the diagnosis and clinical management of ADHD among older adults are warranted to promote safe mobility and healthy aging.

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Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in older adults in the Netherlands

Abstract: This is the first epidemiological study on ADHD in older persons. With a prevalence of 2.8% the study demonstrates that ADHD does not fade or disappear in adulthood and that it is a topic very much worthy of further study.

Cited by 173 publications

References 32 publications

Lifetime stability of ADHD symptoms in older adults

Lifetime stability of ADHD symptoms in older adults

Supporting patients with ADHD: Missed opportunities?

Motor Vehicle Crash Risk in Older Adult Drivers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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