Prevalence of asthma: a comparative study of urban and rural Xhosa children

Niekerk, C.H. van; Weinberg, Eugene; Shore, S. C.; Heese, H. De V.; Schalkwyk, David

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb02489.x

Cited by 227 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…It was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes. Supernatant was removed and transferred to new tube for repetition with changes in lifestyle [12][13] and this is supported by studies which have shown an increased prevalence of asthmatic symptoms among people who have moved from a traditional to a more westernized style of living [14][15][16][17]. The disease is now reaching epidemic proportions in westernized countries.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pah Samplesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Serum Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Among Children with and without Asthma: Correlation to Environmental and Dietary Factors

Al-Daghri

2008

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Background: Children from low-income families may be subject to high exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which can lead to respiratory disorders. This study aims to establish methods for assessing total PAH exposure of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children from low-income families; to estimate serum PAH concentrations of these children, and to estimate the relative importance of the environmental pathways for PAH exposure. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 (61 asthmatic, 14 non-asthmatic) Saudi children 15 years old and below were included to participate in this crosssectional study. Each participant answered a generalized questionnaire with dietary questions. Serum PAH were measured using HPLC with UV detection. Results: Serum naphthalene and pyrene were significantly elevated among asthmatic children (p-values = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively). Serum acenaphthylene, fluorine and 1,2-benzanthracene, on the other hand, were significantly higher among non-asthmatics (p-values = 0.001, 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the presence of a smoker in the family and serum concentrations of carbazole, pyrene, 1,2-benzanthracene and benzacephenanthrylene (R = 0.37, 0.45, 0.43, 0.33; p-values = 0.01, 0.0002, 0.003 and 0.025, respectively). Significant correlations were elicited between daily meat intake and serum levels of acenaphthylene, benzopyrene and 1,2-benzanthracene (R = 0.27, 0.27, 0.33; p-values = 0.02 and < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Among the children, serum PAH were significantly correlated to meat intake as well as presence of smokers at home. Public health awareness should be enhanced by educating parents to take certain precautions at home, such as preventing indoor smoking and reducing the intake of grilled and smoked meat by children so as to decrease their exposure to carcinogenic PAH.

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Section: Preparation Of Pah Samplesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Serum Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Among Children with and without Asthma: Correlation to Environmental and Dietary Factors

Al-Daghri

2008

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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“…In addition, several studies, most performed in the Tropics, have provided further evidence that atopic disorders occur more commonly among individuals living in urban, more affluent and westernized areas as compared with those living in rural areas with traditional lifestyle (22)(23)(24)(25)(26). As to sub-Saharan Africa, the situation appears to be more complex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Hertzen

Haahtela²

2004

Allergy

121

110

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Irrespective of improved knowledge of many aspects of atopic diseases, the unfavorable trends in their prevalence particularly among children could not have been reversed. A growing body of evidence suggests that something may lack from our societal affluence that has the capacity to provide protection against the development of atopic diseases. Much attention during the last years has been devoted to the hygiene hypothesis. This review outlines the impact of environment and lifestyle, particularly from the perspective of the East–West gradient, on the development of atopic diseases, with a special emphasis on the hygiene hypothesis in its broadest sense.

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“…Migrants who go from villages to towns have more asthma (55,56); asthma is less prevalent in crowded conditions (57); and asthma is very rare in populations with traditional, nonaffluent lifestyles (15,58).…”

Section: Australia -Children 8 -11 Yrsmentioning

confidence: 99%