Prevalence of anxiety and depression in high school students of Karachi, Pakistan

Ibbad, Saima; Baig, Lubna; Ahmer, Zaeema; Shahid, Farhana

doi:10.12669/pjms.38.4.5093

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with another study, which also reported a higher prevalence among second-year students (Almigbal et al, 2022). According to a study by khan et al, the prevalence of depression was much higher among freshman medical students than it was among older students (Ibbad et al, 2022). In contrast, different research found that the risk of depression was considerably greater in third-year students compared to freshmen (Haykal et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Depression Among First Generation Medical Students and Non-First-Generation Medical Students in the West of Saudi Arabia

Mahfouz¹,

Abdulaziz²,

Alotaibi³

et al. 2022

World J Environ Biosci

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Depression is a major human blight. Globally, it is responsible for more disability than any other condition. Based on previous studies, medical students are at high risk for depression because of their stressful lifestyle. In the current study, we suspected a high prevalence of depression in FG medical students rather than their colleagues who are not FG. First-generation students are those whose parents did not attend college or obtained a college degree. Unfortunately, they struggle with difficulties in their academic life, such as financial wellness, psychological family stressors, and a lack of professional social networks. The mean well-being score was significantly higher among males (55.5 ± 21.6) compared to females (44.36 ± 23.14), p<0.001. The students from the Taif region showed significantly poor lower well-being scores (44.9 ± 21.95), whereas those from Makkah (54.53 ± 23.95) and Medina (54.08 ± 20.71) had higher scores (p<0.001). The well-being scores were significantly lower among those who visited a psychiatrist (42.79 ± 23.74) and those who were diagnosed with any psychiatric disorders (41.46 ± 22.22), p<0.001. Similarly, we observed that the students who had family members diagnosed with psychiatric disorders had significantly lower well-being scores (46.67 ± 23.88) compared to those who didn 't have (50.69 ± 22.73), p=0.026). In this study, there were no significant differences in well-being between FG and non-FG medical student mean while there were statistically significant differences between the other different characteristic students.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Depression Among First Generation Medical Students and Non-First-Generation Medical Students in the West of Saudi Arabia

Mahfouz¹,

Abdulaziz²,

Alotaibi³

et al. 2022

World J Environ Biosci

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“…In the present study, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among Afghan schoolgirls was 65.5%. A similar prevalence of anxiety has been reported in studies conducted among university students in Pakistan (53.2%) (30), and a systematic review in Iran (6.8%-85.0%) (31). Compared to the present study, a lower prevalence of anxiety was reported in studies conducted among school students in Egypt (6.7%) (32), Malaysia (39.7%) (33), and India (17.9%) (34), France (32.7%) (35), South Africa (32.0%) (36), Nigeria (10.3%) (37), China (24.8%) (38), Portugal (6.5%) (39), UAE (28.0%) (40), Sri Lanka (28.0%) (41), Bangladesh (18.1%) (42), Saudi Arabia (34.2%-65.0%) (43), and Turkey (42.0%) (44).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance among Afghan female school students: A survey study

Neyazi,

Rahimi,

Mohammadi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Anxiety is one of the most common psychological disorders among school-aged children and adolescents. The main objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance and their association with academic performance among female school students in Herat, Afghanistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was carried out among 737 female students (mean age 11.8 years) in Grades 1 to 6 of public schools in Herat. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were to assess anxiety and sleep disturbance. Academic achievement ratings were provided by the participants’ schoolteachers Results: Based on the DASS-Y and PSQI, 65.5% reported anxiety symptoms while 46.4% reported sleep disturbance. Low academic performance (class grading) had statistically significant correlation with presence of anxiety (r = 0.228) and sleep disturbance or poor-quality sleep (r = 0.161). Multiple logistic regression analysis was run to see which variables predicted anxiety and sleep disturbance. The significant predictors of anxiety symptoms were being aged 13–16 years, having a lower-class performance or grade, having low economic status, and having unemployed parents. The significant predictors of sleep disturbance were being aged 13–16 years, having a lower-class grade, having an uneducated father, having low economic status, and having unemployed parents. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance among female school students in Herat, Afghanistan. Both are associated with poorer school performance. Anxiety and sleep disturbance among Afghan female school students could be improved by changing current government policies and lifting the ban on female education in Afghanistan, campaigns on sleep education, and courses in time management.

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“…A recent study conducted in Pakistan, on 400 high school going adolescents (15-18 years), identified the prevalence of anxiety and depression around 53% in Pakistan. 5 The rates of anxiety and depression among adolescent population are alarming in the context of Pakistan where the mental health human resources are scare. There are only few child and adolescents psychiatrists, and hardly any specialized mental health nurses and formalized mental health services for children and adolescents in Pakistan that can be considered at par with the developed world.…”

Section: Lubna Ghazalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Issues of Adolescents In Pakistan: A Cry For Help

Ghazal

2022

J Farkhanda Inst Nurs Pub Health

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Globally, Anxiety and Depression are leading contributors affecting adolescents’ mental health. 1 in 4 adolescent goes through mental health issues that require immediate attention. 1 It is also well documented that many mental health disorders emerge in late childhood and early adolescence and they exacerbate to the burden of these disorders in youth and later in life. 2 In severe cases of anxiety and depression sufferer may commit suicide, it is reported that every 40 seconds one person dies of suicide.3 Globally, suicide is the fourth leading cause of mortality among youth between the ages of 15 to 29 after road traffic accidents. Among teens between 15-19 years, suicide is the second leading cause of death among girls (after maternal and reproductive issues) and the third leading cause of death in boys (after road traffic accidents and interpersonal violence). 4 Pakistan is a developing country with an estimated population of 220 million, of which 50% of the population is between 12- 25 years. A recent study conducted in Pakistan, on 400 high school going adolescents (15-18 years), identified the prevalence of anxiety and depression around 53% among the adolescents enrolled in high school going in Pakistan. 5 The rates of anxiety and depression among adolescent population are alarming in the context of Pakistan; where the mental health human resources are scare. There are only few child and adolescents’ psychiatrists, and hardly any specialized mental health nurses and formalized mental health services for children and adolescents in Pakistan that can be considered at par with the developed world. However, the encouraging news is that if an early preventive intervention in the forms of cognitive behavior therapy are done, it can help and empower children and adolescents to identify their triggers and manage anxiety and depression effectively. 6 Non-specialist preventive mental health strategies may work as alternate options for reducing anxiety and depression, in resource constrained settings like Pakistan. The effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy based intervention are already established by non-specialists (Community Health Workers) to reduce postpartum depression among women. 7 These evidences are encouraging and can be replicated to reduce Anxiety and Depression among children and adolescents at schools. Schools are vital pillar to promote children’ cognitive, social, emotional, behavioral and intellectual attainment. Academic institutions are well positioned to implement preventive mental health strategies. Thus, school-based mental health prevention programme can be cost effective well positioned interventions for a LMIC country like Pakistan. 8 Mental health issues of young people require immediate attention. Many of these issues are easily manageable. However, it is challenging to access and provide them mental health services at their convenience. Therefore, it is important to engage main stream academic institutions, to access children and youth to include them for early interventions to address their mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. There is also a need to establish evidence-based interventions to promote mental health and prevent anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation among youth.

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Prevalence of anxiety and depression in high school students of Karachi, Pakistan

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Depression Among First Generation Medical Students and Non-First-Generation Medical Students in the West of Saudi Arabia

Depression Among First Generation Medical Students and Non-First-Generation Medical Students in the West of Saudi Arabia

Anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance among Afghan female school students: A survey study

Mental Health Issues of Adolescents In Pakistan: A Cry For Help

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