Prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in autism spectrum subjects

Iqbal, Muhammad; Bashir, Shahid; Al-Ayadhi, Laila

doi:10.2217/fnl.15.11

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…This represents yet another mechanism by which the immune system may adversely affect the mitochondria. Finally, the effect of anti-mitochondrial antibodies reported to be associated with ASD [ 80 , 81 ] on mitochondrial function is yet to be explored in detail. This may provide an interesting connection between the immune system and the mitochondria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-mitochondrial antibodies are a recently described biomarker. In one study of 54 children with ASD from Saudi Arabia, antibodies to the mitochondrial M2 subtype antigen were found in 52% of children with ASD (percentage positive in controls not reported), and titers of this antibody were higher in children with ASD, particularly those with more severe ASD, as compared to age- and gender-matched control participants [ 80 ]. In an independent study, antibodies against type 2 mitochondrial antigen were found to be increased in children with ASD from Greece as compared to typically developing controls [ 81 ].…”

Section: Summary Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Rose

Niyazov

Rossignol³

et al. 2018

Mol Diagn Ther

177

148

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects ~ 2% of children in the United States. The etiology of ASD likely involves environmental factors triggering physiological abnormalities in genetically sensitive individuals. One of these major physiological abnormalities is mitochondrial dysfunction, which may affect a significant subset of children with ASD. Here we systematically review the literature on human studies of mitochondrial dysfunction related to ASD. Clinical aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD include unusual neurodevelopmental regression, especially if triggered by an inflammatory event, gastrointestinal symptoms, seizures, motor delays, fatigue and lethargy. Traditional biomarkers of mitochondrial disease are widely reported to be abnormal in ASD, but appear non-specific. Newer biomarkers include buccal cell enzymology, biomarkers of fatty acid metabolism, non-mitochondrial enzyme function, apoptosis markers and mitochondrial antibodies. Many genetic abnormalities are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD, including chromosomal abnormalities, mitochondrial DNA mutations and large-scale deletions, and mutations in both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial nuclear genes. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been described in immune and buccal cells, fibroblasts, muscle and gastrointestinal tissue and the brains of individuals with ASD. Several environmental factors, including toxicants, microbiome metabolites and an oxidized microenvironment are shown to modulate mitochondrial function in ASD tissues. Investigations of treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD are promising but preliminary. The etiology of mitochondrial dysfunction and how to define it in ASD is currently unclear. However, preliminary evidence suggests that the mitochondria may be a fruitful target for treatment and prevention of ASD. Further research is needed to better understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Rose

Niyazov

Rossignol³

et al. 2018

Mol Diagn Ther

177

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, a cohort study has found auto-immune antibodies against the mitochondrial M2 subunit in 52% of patients suffering from ASD. Furthermore, levels of these antibodies showed a positive correlation with the severity of the disease [ 86 ]. Similarly, a study conducted in Canada found significantly higher levels of polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids in ASD patients compared to case-control patients [ 56 ].…”

Section: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autism Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders by Mitochondrial-targeted Drug: Future of Neurological Diseases Therapeutics

Nabi

Rehman

Arafah

et al. 2023

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Abstracts: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology that might involve environmental and genetic variables. Recently, some epidemiological studies conducted in various parts of the world have estimated a significant increase in the prevalence of autism, with 1 in every 59 children having some degree of autism. Since autism has been associated with other clinical abnormalities, there is every possibility that a sub-cellular component may be involved in the progression of autism. The organelle remains a focus based on mitochondria's functionality and metabolic role in cells. Furthermore, the mitochondrial genome is inherited maternally and has its DNA and organelle that remain actively involved during embryonic development; these characteristics have linked mitochondrial dysfunction to autism. Although rapid stride has been made in autism research, there are limited studies that have made particular emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and autism. Accumulating evidence from studies conducted at cellular and sub-cellular levels has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction's role in autism is more than expected. The present review has attempted to describe the risk factors of autism, the role of mitochondria in the progression of the disease, oxidative damage as a trigger point to initiate mitochondrial damage, which manifests as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), genetic determinants of the disease, possible pathogenic pathways and therapeutic regimen in vogue and the developmental stage. Furthermore, in the present review, an attempt has been made to include the novel therapeutic regimens under investigation at different clinical trial stages and their potential possibility to emerge as promising drugs against ASD.

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Prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in autism spectrum subjects

Cited by 2 publications

References 49 publications

Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders by Mitochondrial-targeted Drug: Future of Neurological Diseases Therapeutics

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