Prevalence of Antidepressant Prescription in Adolescents Newly Diagnosed with Depression in Germany

Abstract

Background: Depression is the most common mental illness in the world, found in nearly three in ten adolescents globally. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of antidepressant prescriptions and the types of antidepressant therapy administered among adolescents diagnosed with depression in Germany. Methods: This retrospective cohort study, based on data provided by 30 child and adolescent psychiatrists, included adolescents aged 13–17 years with an initial diagnosis of depression between 2010 and 2022 (index date) documented in the IQVIATM Disease Analyzer database. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to investigate the one-year cumulative incidence of antidepressant prescriptions stratified by age, sex, and depression severity. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess the association between age, sex, depression severity, co-diagnoses, and antidepressant drug prescription. Results: A total of 6338 adolescents (mean age: 16 years, 67% female, 59% with moderate depression) were available. The cumulative incidence of antidepressant prescriptions was 61% and increased with age from 13 years old to 17 years old. Fluoxetine was the most prescribed drug, followed by Sertraline, Escitalopram, Serotonin and Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, herbal medications, and Mirtazapine. Obsessive–compulsive disorder and eating disorders were found to be significantly associated with antidepressant prescriptions within the spectrum of co-diagnosed conditions. Conclusions: Higher age, depression severity, and a co-diagnosis of an obsessive–compulsive disorder or eating disorder were significantly positively associated with antidepressant prescriptions in adolescents. Fluoxetine was the most frequently prescribed drug for depression.