Prevalence of Antibody to Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus in Wild and Domestic Ruminants by Competitive-Inhibition Elisa

Li, Hong; Shen, David; Jessup, David A.; Knowles, Donald P.; Gorham, J. R.; Thorne, T. W.; O’Toole, Donal; Crawford, Timothy B.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-32.3.437

Cited by 54 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Reduced fitness and higher stress are factors that can make reindeer more susceptible to infections and disease. Latent or subclinical gammaherpesvirus infection is common for several ruminant species (Li et al, 1996;Powers et al, 2005;Vikoren et al, 2006). The low antibody prevalence in the apparently healthy reindeer in this study supports that.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…If, after early life infection, no reactivation took place, antibody levels could fall below detection levels, as has been shown for other herpesviruses in ruminants (Kaashoek et al, 1996). Other studies have shown similar patterns with age for gammaherpesvirus carrier species, including musk ox, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), domestic sheep, and goats (Li et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Gammaherpesvirus Infection in Semidomesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus): A Cross-Sectional, Serologic Study in Northern Norway

Neves

Ihlebæk

Skjerve

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is caused by a group of gammaherpesviruses that primarily affect domestic and wild ruminants. Using competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we screened 3,339 apparently healthy, semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from Finnmark County, Norway, sampled during slaughter. The overall antibody prevalence was 3.5% and varied among reindeer herding districts in Finnmark (0-6.7%), the largest reindeer herding region in Norway. The risk of exposure to gammaherpesvirus (i.e., seroconversion) was significantly higher for adult reindeer than it was for calves #1 yr, for reindeer in east Finnmark (3.8%) compared with west Finnmark (3.3%), and with increasing population density. No evidence of disease associated with this virus was detected in reindeer sampled for this study, but because samples were collected at slaughterhouses, one cannot discard the possibility of these events happening in the field. The low antibody prevalence could indicate occasional infection of reindeer with another ruminant gammaherpesvirus or the presence of a yet-unknown, specific, low-pathogenic reindeer gammaherpesvirus. Further studies should aim at characterizing the virus circulating in reindeer and address the potential clinical impact of this virus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Gammaherpesvirus Infection in Semidomesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus): A Cross-Sectional, Serologic Study in Northern Norway

Neves

Ihlebæk

Skjerve

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…The etiological agent of SA-MCF is the ovine herpes virus 2 (OHV-2) (Li et al, 1995;1996;Muller-Doblies et al, 1998;Collins et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of malignant catarrhal fever virus in cell cultures

Hristov¹,

Peshev²

2016

BJVM

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Vet. Med., 19, No 4,[263][264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273] Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease syndrome responsible for mortality in domestic and wild ruminant species. MCF is caused by gammaherpesviruses -the ovine herpesvirus type 2 causing sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) and alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 known as wildebeest-associated MCF (WA-MCF). The present study described the cultural peculiarities of MCF virus isolated from different samples originated from dead and alive wild animals from the Sofia Zoo. MDBK, EBTR, RK, MA-104 and VERO cell cultures were used for the isolation of MCF virus. The best growth of viruses was observed on MDBK cell cultures. The CPE was characterised with forming of the syncytium and destruction of the monolayers 2-3 days after the virus adaptation. The CPE was different for obtained isolates. The isolates from gaur formed a bigger cell syncytium than that in the cell cultures infected with buffy coat from bisons where a cell syncytium of smaller size and shape was observed. The virus identification was performed by biochemical methods and PCR.

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“…13 The improved sensitivity prompted a reexamination of the prevalence of latent or subclinical infection in certain ruminant species that had been previously examined with the original indirect CI-ELISA. 9 The percentage of antibodypositive sera among normal cattle and normal bison examined increased about 3-fold using the new format. There may be a relationship between the often inexplicable epidemiologic patterns observed with MCF 3,16 and subclinical infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simpler, More Sensitive Competitive Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibody to Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viruses

McGuire

Müller-Doblies

et al. 2001

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. An earlier competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) was developed for detection of specific antibody against malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) viruses (MCFV) in ruminants. In this study, the indirect CI-ELISA was improved by conjugating the monoclonal antibody 15-A directly with horseradish peroxidase and by developing a method of producing precoated, dried antigen plates. This new test is referred to as a direct CI-ELISA. The reformatted test yielded a significantly improved sensitivity, and the time required was reduced to about one-sixth of the previous time. Of 37 MCF cases in cattle that were confirmed by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, 37 (100%) were positive by the new test, whereas the indirect CI-ELISA detected only 23 (62%). The direct CI-ELISA detected antibody to MCFV in 100% of 48 sheep that had been defined as infected with ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) by PCR, whereas the indirect CI-ELISA detected only 41 (85%). Comparison of antibody titers measured by the 2 assays for sera collected from OvHV-2-infected sheep and from cattle, bison, and deer with clinical sheep-associated MCF revealed that the direct CI-ELISA offered a 4-fold increase in analytical sensitivity over the indirect format. The number of seropositive animals detected by the direct CI-ELISA among apparently normal cattle and bison was 2-3 times greater than the number detected by the indirect CI-ELISA, indicating that a significant percentage of normal cattle and bison are subclincally infected with MCFV.Many new variants of enzyme immunoassays have been developed with the aim of increasing sensitivity and specificity, reducing the test duration, and facilitating assay performance. 14 The monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) is an accepted, reliable, and sensitive method for measuring antibody responses against a variety of infectious pathogens in both humans and animals. 1,5,7 A CI-ELISA was developed using MAb 15-A against a specific epitope broadly conserved among all known strains of malignant catarrhal fever viruses (MCFV), including ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), and the newly recognized strain from white-tailed deer. 8,10 The original assay was an indirect CI-ELISA, because the detection of the MAb was indirect via enzyme-labeled anti-mouse immunoglobulins. Although the indirect CI-ELISA has been useful for epidemiologic studies of MCFV infection, 11 significant improvements in sensitivity, efficiency, and usability were needed.In this study, the indirect CI-ELISA was modified by 1) conjugating the MAb 15-A directly with an enzyme label and 2) developing a method whereby the antigen-containing plates are precoated and stored at 4 C for appreciable periods without significant degradation. This modified CI-ELISA is referred to as a direct CI-ELISA. Comparison of the indirect and direct CI-ELISA systems on the same set of defined sera from cattle, bison, deer, sheep, and cer...

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Prevalence of Antibody to Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus in Wild and Domestic Ruminants by Competitive-Inhibition Elisa

Cited by 54 publications

References 14 publications

Gammaherpesvirus Infection in Semidomesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus): A Cross-Sectional, Serologic Study in Northern Norway

Gammaherpesvirus Infection in Semidomesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus): A Cross-Sectional, Serologic Study in Northern Norway

Isolation and identification of malignant catarrhal fever virus in cell cultures

A Simpler, More Sensitive Competitive Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibody to Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viruses

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