Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen among hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Ilorin, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

Ogunfemi, Mutiat K; Olawumi, HO; Olokoba, AB; Kagu, Modu B.; Biliaminu, Sikiru Abayomi; Durowade, Kabir Adekunle; Durotoye, Idayat Adenike; Shittu, AO

doi:10.4314/mmj.v29i1.7

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, stringent blood donor screening criteria using a standard questionnaire that provides confidentiality for donors in addition to educational materials to eliminate donors who had ever used recreational drugs may significantly reduce HBV-positive donors irrespective of whether they are voluntary or replacement blood donors. Comparing this study with other studies that investigated total anti-HBc in Nigeria, the prevalence of 48.5% is higher than 32.5% by Ogunfemi et al in Ilorin, 24 but lower than 60.7% and 90.0% from the studies by Akinbami et al in Lagos 18 and Ojo et al in Ife. 25 The 90.0% prevalence was reported pre-HBV vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

et al. 2022

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Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors – family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative.Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors.Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction.Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests.Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

et al. 2022

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“…The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.5% (7 cases) and HBsAg negative cases were 193, total anti-HBc 10.9% (22 cases), anti-HBc IgM 5.7% (11 cases) and anti-HBs 3% (6 cases). All the 6 anti-HBs positive donors were also found to be positive for total anti HBc indicating past infection, but the result of anti-HBc IgM indicates recent infection [21]. An Indian study support the above results, 12232 healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg were screened for anti-HBc IgM, this study revealed a percentage of (0.12%) reactive for anti-HBc (IgM).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The role of detection of anti-HBc IgM in HBs Ag negative blood donors

Abdou

Hasssan

Gamal

et al. 2020

Journal of Recent Advances in Medicine

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Background: Post Transfusion hepatitis B viral infection is a major problem even after adoption of mandatory screening test, HBsAg by ELISA test in blood banks. In Egypt, HBsAg is the only HBV screening test of blood donors in most bloods banks. However HBsAg negative blood donors does not rule out the risk of transmission of hepatitis B, as the donor may be in the 'window period' or has a mutant strain. During this period, detection of the antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) IgM type is a useful serological marker. Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the significance of screening anti-HBc IgM for HBsAg negative blood donors to reduce the risk of transfusion transmitted HBV infection in Egypt. Methodology: Four hundred HBsAg negative blood donors were randomly selected from Al-Zahraa University hospital blood bank, for further screening by anti-HBcIgM by ELISA test, then positive samples for anti-HBcIgM were tested for HBV DNA by PCR. Results: Nine (2.25%) out of selected 400 samples were positive for anti-HBcIgM, and 4 (1%) out of these 9 samples Conclusion: Anti HBcAg IgM screening test should be implemented as an additional screening test for blood donors in Egypt, to improve transfusion safety as it is an indicator of occult HBV during window period.

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“…A lower prevalence of total HBcAb was founded in low-prevalence countries such as Iran, France, and Spain (4.9%, 7.3%, and 8.2%, respectively) [16][17][18]. In contrast, a higher prevalence was found in high-prevalence countries like Nigeria, Togo, and Mauritania (32%, 53.9%, and 76.5%, respectively) [19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Markers among Patients of the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (Rabat, Morocco)

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Viral hepatitis B is a global scourge affecting millions of people worldwide. In Morocco, hepatitis B is considered a public health problem, and available data converge to consider Morocco as a country with intermediate endemicity. In the present study, we have planned to evaluate the HBV prevalence in Morocco on a large scale and to assess the prevalence of different serological markers for better management of this infection in Morocco. Methods: This study was conducted on 18,877 patients referring to the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco. HBV serological markers including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and total HBcAb were assessed by immune-enzymatic assays. The quantification of HBV DNA was performed by real-time PCR. Results: The overall prevalence of positive cases for HBsAg, HBsAb, and total HBcAb was 2.47%, 27.66%, and 21.2%, respectively. From 141 patients with an isolated HBcAb serological profile (HBcAb+/HBsAb−/HBsAg−), HBV DNA was detected in 10 patients, representing a rate of 7.09%. In the present study, up to 95.78% of HBV chronic carriers were negative for HBeAg. Conclusion: This study highlights a higher prevalence of HBsAg in the hospital-based population than the general population reported previously in Morocco and a very low HBV immunization coverage. Of particular interest, detectable HBV DNA levels in isolated HBcAb patients show that exclusive HBsAg screening cannot eliminate the risk of HBV transmission in certain cases. Many efforts are then mandatory to promote serological testing and increase the vaccination rate to limit viral dissemination for better management of this disease in Morocco.

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Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen among hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Ilorin, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

The role of detection of anti-HBc IgM in HBs Ag negative blood donors

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Markers among Patients of the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (Rabat, Morocco)

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