Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients in Riyadh

Fakunle, Y.M.; Al-Mofarreh, Mohammed; El-Karamany, Wafaa M.; Ezzat, Handy O.; Al-Shora, Badr; El-Drees, Abdallah Z.

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.1991.504

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The risk of HCV was multiplied by more than three times when this number exceeded three red blood cells. Similar results were reported in several studies [25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, it was noted as in several studies, only 26 of the 56 HCV + patients were never transfused, highlighting the involvement of other factors in the prevalence of HCV.…”

Section: Factors Prevalence Of Hepatitis C Virus In Hemodialysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Hepatitis C Viral Prevalence and Seroconversion in Moroccan Hemodialysis Units: Eight Year Follow Up

Omar¹

2013

J Med Diagn Meth

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Introduction: The prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in chronic hemodialysis patients is eight times higher than among the general population. It is estimated between 3 and 65.8% in different studies and countries and is a contributor to mortality in this population. The aim of this study is to define the factors influencing prevalence and seroconversion of HCV in an ambispective study including 15 centers and 163 hemodialysis patients.Methods: Multicenter ambispective Study including 167 patients treated in 15 dialysis centers in 4 cities and over a period of 8 years. In 2002, all patients underwent determination of liver enzymes, a serological survey and qualitative research of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction followed by a genotyping for patients confirmed positive by the method LIPA. Serological status and movement of patients between centers was followed for 8 years. In 2010, the survivors benefit serology of viral hepatitis B and C (4 th generation ELISA) with research of viral RNA by PCR. Results:The mean age of patients at baseline was 51 years of which 11% were diabetic with a mean of 55 months on hemodialysis. The prevalence of HCV was 33.4% with significantly higher ALT in positive patients and genotype 1b was most frequent (54%). Statistical analysis found that the factors of prevalence are: time on hemodialysis, number of units visited (2.2 vs. 3, p<0.001), number of red blood cells transfused (1.5 vs. 2.5, p=0.009) and area of the unit. After 8 years, overall survival was 58.2% with a prevalence of HCV at 26.2%. During follow-up, 7 seroconversion were objectified and the only factor found is the number of centers visited.Conclusions: These data suggest that nosocomial transmission plays an important role hence the importance of strict implementation of the recommendations of prevention against the transmission of HCV in particular the training of personnel and control the transfer of patients between centers.Keywords: Hemodialysis; Hepatitis C virus; Prevalence; Seroconversion Introduction:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a big public health challenge in this millennium and the World Health Organization estimates that, until 1998, 170 million people carried the HCV worldwide and in recent years 200 million or 3% of the world population is infected with this virus [1]. Low prevalence is reported in Europe and North America, while it's high in the Far East and Africa where the prevalence exceeds 10% in Egypt. In Morocco, a recent study showing that among the 8326 samples tested by third generation ELISA, 161 samples were positive, so a prevalence of 1.93% [2].In dialysis the problem is much broader, with a prevalence that can reach 80% and an incidence of more than 9% per year [3][4][5][6]. To this is added a high mortality in hemodialysis patients infected with HCV according to many authors [7][8][9][10]. In Morocco it is estimated that the prevalence of hepatitis C virus in dialysis is 32% according to the National Register "MAGREDIAL [4]. But this rate varies widely amon...

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Section: Factors Prevalence Of Hepatitis C Virus In Hemodialysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Hepatitis C Viral Prevalence and Seroconversion in Moroccan Hemodialysis Units: Eight Year Follow Up

Omar¹

2013

J Med Diagn Meth

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“…This reflects another serious problem in Saudi Arabia where the frequencies of HBsAg and HCV carriers are high, which leads to a high incidence of chronic active hepatitis among our dialysis and transplant patients (to be discussed in another article). 13 The inferior results with cadaveric kidneys from donors <3 years of age is in accordance with other reports [14][15][16] although some authors have experienced a high success rate also with these organs. 17,18 The technical problems with these small vessels are obvious.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Kidney Transplantations at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre

Lundgren

Alfurayh

Akhtar

et al. 1994

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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During the five year period from 1987G to 1991G, 161 kidney transplantations were performed at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC); 79 from cadaveric donors (CD) and 82 from living related donors (LRD). All cadaveric kidneys except one were harvested within Saudi Arabia and 67% were from Saudi nationals. The immunosuppressive protocol was a triple drug regimen comprising cyclosporin-A (CyA), azathioprine (Aza), and prednisone. The actuarial graft survival rates at one and three years were 85% and 76% for the cadaveric donor transplants and 96% and 91%, respectively for the living related donor transplants (P<0.01). The corresponding patient survival rates for cadaveric donor transplants (CDTxs) were 97% and 94% and for the living related donor transplants (LRDTxs), 99% and 97% (NS). These results compare well with the best results in the Western world. The most serious surgical complications were vascular thromboses (five cases) and infections of the arterial anastomosis line with bleeding (two cases), all leading to loss of the cadaveric graft. The most common causes of death were virus infection, varicella, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B and C. The organ donation rate, from cadaveric donors as well as living related donors, is still low in Saudi Arabia. Lack of organs is the main obstacle to an expansion of this promising transplantation activity. Continuous education of the multinational medical profession as well as the lay population is necessary to improve the situation.

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“…It was difficult to track the trend of incidence rate between these studies, but some of them show that the incidence rate seems to be increasing. For example, two studies conducted in Saudi Arabia in Al-Madinah City, demonstrate that the incidence rate had increased from 65.2 pmp in 1995 to 137.5 pmp in 2004; 38,39 while in another region of Saudi Arabia in Gizan, the mean annual growth rate was reported to be 7.44% in the period from 1987 to 2000. 27 (Table 3)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subgroup analysis by location shows that the highest estimate of hypertensive nephropathy prevalence was found in Saudi Arabia in the central region (20.08% [95% CIs, 6.12–65.89; 5 studies]) 24,25,36–38 followed by eastern region (10.56% [95% CIs, 1.80–61.77; 3 studies]) 26,27,30 western region (8.13% [95% CIs, 2.95–22.42; 5 studies]) 32–35,39 and southern region (4.39% [95% CIs, 1.58–12.1; 2 studies]). 21,35 These differences in the summarized estimates of hypertensive nephropathy prevalence between areas are not statistically significant ( P value = 0.7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of end-stage renal disease in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: a systematic review

et al. 2012

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ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of end stage renal disease (ESRD).DesignMixed-methods systematic review.SettingThe countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) which consist of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman.ParticipantsDefined to have ESRD or patients on regular dialysis for a minimum dialysis period of at least three months. Since many outcomes were reviewed, studies that estimated the incidence and prevalence of ESRD as outcomes should not have defined the study population as ESRD population or patients on regular dialysis. Studies where the study population mainly comprised children or pregnant woman were excluded.Main outcome measuresThe trends of the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of ESRD; also, causes of mortality, primary causes and co-morbid conditions associated with ESRD.Results44 studies included in this review show that the incidence of ESRD has increased while the prevalence and mortality rate of ESRD in the GCC has not been reported sufficiently. The leading primary causes of ESRD recorded in the countries of the GCC is diabetes with the most prevalent co-morbid conditions being Hypertension and Hepatitis C Virus infection; the most common cause of death was cardiovascular disease and sepsis.ConclusionsThis review highlights that the lack of national renal registries data is a critical issue in the countries of the GCC. The available data also do not provide an accurate and updated estimate for relevant outcomes. Additionally, considering the increasing burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD), these results stressed the needs and the importance of preventative strategies for leading causes of ESRD. Furthermore, more studies are needed to describe the epidemiology of ESRD and for assessing the overall quality of renal care.

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Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients in Riyadh

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Hepatitis C Viral Prevalence and Seroconversion in Moroccan Hemodialysis Units: Eight Year Follow Up

Hepatitis C Viral Prevalence and Seroconversion in Moroccan Hemodialysis Units: Eight Year Follow Up

Kidney Transplantations at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre

Epidemiology of end-stage renal disease in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: a systematic review

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