Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma hominis in infertile women.

Tjiam, K. H.; Zeilmaker, G. H.; Alberda, Albert Th.; Heijst, B. Y. M. Van; Roo, J. C. De; Polak-Vogelzang, Anna A.; Joost, Theodoor van; Stolz, E.; Michel, Marie-Claude

doi:10.1136/sti.61.3.175

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Persistence of chlamydial antibodies detectable by immunofluorescence tests after genital infection due to C. trachomatis is poorly documented. According to Mardh (6), the initially high IgG titers disappeared within 1.5 years in some tetracyclinetreated patients, but much longer persistence of antibodies has been suggested (9,22). IgM antibodies, associated with acute disease, are shown to persist for 8 to 10 weeks after genital infections (24), but may persist for even longer periods (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of chlamydial antibodies after pelvic inflammatory disease

Puolakkainen¹,

Vesterinen²,

Purola³

et al. 1986

J Clin Microbiol

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The persistence of chlamydial immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and long-term sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were studied in 70 women who had been treated for PID 3 to 6 years previously. Fifty-one women had had PID associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection (Chlamydia group), and 19 women had had PID not associated with C. trachomatis (non-Chlamydia group). Chlamydial IgG antibodies, as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test with inclusions of C. trachomatis L2 as antigens, persisted at stable levels in 43% of the women for up to 6 years; 43% of the women showed a decrease in IgG titer, and 13% showed an increase. IgA antibody levels in serum correlated with IgG antibody levels in serum and with the presence of cervical IgA antibodies. Both serum antibodies and cervical IgA antibodies were more often found in the Chlamydia group. Forty-two percent of the women were infertile. Every fifth subsequent pregnancy was ectopic. The presence of cervical IgA antibodies might protect the women from tubal damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of chlamydial antibodies after pelvic inflammatory disease

Puolakkainen¹,

Vesterinen²,

Purola³

et al. 1986

J Clin Microbiol

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Chlamidial genital infections and laparoscopic findings in infertile women

Lucisano

Morandotti

Marana³

et al. 1992

Eur J Epidemiol

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Several studies have shown that previous chlamydial genital infection, reflected by serological markers, is strongly associated with tubal damage leading to tubal infertility. In 105 women undergoing laparoscopy, multiple samples were collected from the lower (urethra and cervix) and upper (endometrium, peritoneal fluid, tubal lumen) genital tract, in order to isolate Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from at least one site in 13 (30.9%) of 42 infertile women with tubal infertility, in 5 (12.1%) of 41 women with unexplained infertility, in 1 of 4 women affected by acute salpingitis and in 1 (5.5%) of 18 women with endometriosis or uterine malformations. The latter group was the control group. Thirteen (65%) of the 20 positive women harboured Chlamydia trachomatis in their upper genital tract alone and 16 women were positive in one or both tubes. Only one of the positive women showed laparoscopic signs of acute pelvic infection. Four of the 5 positive women with unexplained infertility harboured Chlamydia trachomatis in the tubal lumen. This study confirms that chlamydial infection is strongly associated with tubal damage. It suggests that cervical cultures are inadequate for excluding a tubal infection and that chlamydial colonization of the tubal mucosa is possible in the absence of symptoms and laparoscopic signs of active infection.

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2GETHER - The Dual Protection Project: Design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial to increase dual protection strategy selection and adherence among African American adolescent females

Ewing

Kottke

Kraft

et al. 2017

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Background African American adolescent females are at elevated risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Dual protection (DP) is defined as concurrent prevention of pregnancy and STIs. This can be achieved by abstinence, consistent condom use, or the dual methods of condoms plus an effective non-barrier contraceptive. Previous clinic-based interventions showed short-term effects on increasing dual method use, but evidence of sustained effects on dual method use and decreased incident pregnancies and STIs are lacking. Methods/Design This manuscript describes the 2GETHER Project. 2GETHER is a randomized controlled trial of a multi-component intervention to increase dual protection use among sexually active African American females aged 14–19 years not desiring pregnancy at a Title X clinic in Atlanta, GA. The intervention is clinic-based and includes a culturally tailored interactive multimedia component and counseling sessions, both to assist in selection of a DP method and to reinforce use of the DP method. The participants are randomized to the study intervention or the standard of care, and followed for 12 months to evaluate how the intervention influences DP method selection and adherence, pregnancy and STI incidence, and participants’ DP knowledge, intentions, and self-efficacy. Discussion The 2GETHER Project is a novel trial to reduce unintended pregnancies and STIs among African American adolescents. The intervention is unique in the comprehensive and complementary nature of its components and its individual tailoring of provider-patient interaction. If the trial interventions are shown to be effective, then it will be reasonable to assess their scalability and applicability in other populations.

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Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma hominis in infertile women.

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Persistence of chlamydial antibodies after pelvic inflammatory disease

Persistence of chlamydial antibodies after pelvic inflammatory disease

Chlamidial genital infections and laparoscopic findings in infertile women

2GETHER - The Dual Protection Project: Design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial to increase dual protection strategy selection and adherence among African American adolescent females

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