Prevalence of antibodies against influenza A and B viruses in children in Germany, 2008 to 2010

Sauerbrei, Andreas; Langenhan, Tobias; Brandstädt, A; Schmidt-Ott, Ruprecht; Krumbholz, Andi; Girschick, Hermann; Huppertz, Hans‐Iko; Kaiser, Petra; Liese, Johannes G.; Streng, Andrea; Niehues, Tim; Peters, Jochen; Sauerbrey, Axel; Schroten, Horst; Tenenbaum, Tobias; Wirth, Stephan; Wutzler, Peter

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.5.20687

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Influenza A virus antibodies were frequent, suggesting that these infections are common in young children, which is in line with the findings of previous studies [10,11]. The fact that antibodies did not differ between case and control children suggests that influenza A virus infections are not associated with the initiation of islet autoimmunity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Influenza A virus antibodies show no association with pancreatic islet autoantibodies in children genetically predisposed to type 1 diabetes

et al. 2015

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Aims/hypothesis Viral infections have long been considered potential triggers of beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Recent studies have suggested that influenza A virus might increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. The present study evaluates this risk association in prospectively observed children at the time when islet autoimmunity starts and autoantibodies are first detected. Methods IgG class antibodies to influenza A virus were analysed in 95 case children whose antibody screening test turned permanently positive for two or more islet autoantibodies and from 186 autoantibody-negative and non-diabetic control children who were matched for time of birth, sex, date of sampling and HLA-conferred risk of diabetes in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study. Virus antibodies were measured from the first autoantibody-positive sample using an enzyme immunoassay. None of the children had been vaccinated against influenza A. Results The prevalence of influenza A virus antibodies did not differ between the case and control children (42% vs 38%; p=0.392) and the median antibody levels were also comparable in the two groups (3.0 vs 3.8 enzyme immunoassay units). A similar result was obtained when case and control children were compared separately in subgroups according to different sex, age and HLA-DQ genotype. However, girls had higher antibody levels than boys among both case and control children (median antibody levels 9.0 vs 2.3 enzyme immunoassay units; p=0.01). Conclusions/interpretation Our results suggest that influenza A infections are not associated with the development of islet autoimmunity in young children with increased genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Influenza A virus antibodies show no association with pancreatic islet autoantibodies in children genetically predisposed to type 1 diabetes

et al. 2015

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“…A rare selective bottleneck for the influenza C virus suggests unique characteristics of the virus and its infections. Seroprevalence and incidence of the influenza C virus do not seem as high as those of the influenza A virus [5,63,64,65,66]. Further studies are necessary to understand the epidemiological and immunological aspects of influenza C viruses, such as whether multiple exposures throughout life are common, whether immunity against the virus can prevent reinfection, how long the immunity lasts, and whether the infection can induce strain non-specific immunity to constrain genetic diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Evolutionary Characteristics of the Hemagglutinin-Esterase Gene of Influenza C Virus during a Period of 68 Years Reveals Evolutionary Patterns Different from Influenza A and B Viruses

Furuse

Matsuzaki

Nishimura

et al. 2016

Viruses

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Infections with the influenza C virus causing respiratory symptoms are common, particularly among children. Since isolation and detection of the virus are rarely performed, compared with influenza A and B viruses, the small number of available sequences of the virus makes it difficult to analyze its evolutionary dynamics. Recently, we reported the full genome sequence of 102 strains of the virus. Here, we exploited the data to elucidate the evolutionary characteristics and phylodynamics of the virus compared with influenza A and B viruses. Along with our data, we obtained public sequence data of the hemagglutinin-esterase gene of the virus; the dataset consists of 218 unique sequences of the virus collected from 14 countries between 1947 and 2014. Informatics analyses revealed that (1) multiple lineages have been circulating globally; (2) there have been weak and infrequent selective bottlenecks; (3) the evolutionary rate is low because of weak positive selection and a low capability to induce mutations; and (4) there is no significant positive selection although a few mutations affecting its antigenicity have been induced. The unique evolutionary dynamics of the influenza C virus must be shaped by multiple factors, including virological, immunological, and epidemiological characteristics.

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“…We estimated the annual probability of IAV infection in children using published age-seroprevalence data (20,21) and then rescaled this baseline attack rate to account for year-to-year variability in IAV circulation intensity (Supplementary Text). …”

Section: Reconstructing Iav Exposure History By Birth Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent protection against H5N1 and H7N9 influenza via childhood hemagglutinin imprinting

Gostic

Ambrose

Worobey

et al. 2016

Science

397

368

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Two zoonotic influenza A viruses (IAV) of global concern, H5N1 and H7N9, exhibit unexplained differences in age distribution of human cases. Using data from all known human cases of these viruses, we show that an individual’s first IAV infection confers lifelong protection against severe disease from novel hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes in the same phylogenetic group. Statistical modeling shows protective HA imprinting is the crucial explanatory factor, providing 75% protection against severe infection and 80% protection against death for both H5N1 and H7N9. Our results enable us to predict age distributions of severe disease for future pandemics and demonstrate that a novel strain’s pandemic potential increases yearly when a group-mismatched HA subtype dominates seasonal influenza circulation. These findings open new frontiers for rational pandemic risk assessment.

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Prevalence of antibodies against influenza A and B viruses in children in Germany, 2008 to 2010

Abstract: Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Influenza A virus antibodies show no association with pancreatic islet autoantibodies in children genetically predisposed to type 1 diabetes

Influenza A virus antibodies show no association with pancreatic islet autoantibodies in children genetically predisposed to type 1 diabetes

Analyses of Evolutionary Characteristics of the Hemagglutinin-Esterase Gene of Influenza C Virus during a Period of 68 Years Reveals Evolutionary Patterns Different from Influenza A and B Viruses

Potent protection against H5N1 and H7N9 influenza via childhood hemagglutinin imprinting

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