Prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and associated risk factors in the Malaysian refugee communities

Hanapi, Izzah Ruzana Mohd; Sahimin, Norhidayu; Maackara, Michael John Banuru; Annisa, Aufa Shofia; Mutalib, Raisya Nur Syazmeen Abdul; Lewis, J. W.; Behnke, Jerzy M.; Lau, Yee Ling; Zain, Siti Nursheena Mohd

doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06830-0

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…This shows that the spread of leptospirosis is not only limited to flooded areas. Other areas affected by leptospirosis could be previously endemic areas [ 47 ] or new settlements that evacuated people move into (such as relief camps) [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the outbreaks of leptospirosis after floods in Kerala, India

Ifejube,

Kuriakose,

Anish

et al. 2024

Int J Health Geogr

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A growing number of studies have linked the incidence of leptospirosis with the occurrence of flood events. Nevertheless, the interaction between flood and leptospirosis has not been extensively studied to understand the influence of flood attributes in inducing new cases. This study reviews leptospirosis cases in relation to multiple flood occurrences in Kerala, India. Leptospirosis data were obtained for three years: 2017 (non-flood year) and two years with flooding—2018 (heavy flooding) and 2019 (moderate flooding). We considered the severity of flood events using the discharge, duration and extent of each flooding event and compared them with the leptospirosis cases. The distribution of cases regarding flood discharge and duration was assessed through descriptive and spatiotemporal analyses, respectively. Furthermore, cluster analyses and spatial regression were completed to ascertain the relationship between flood extent and the postflood cases. This study found that postflood cases of leptospirosis can be associated with flood events in space and time. The total cases in both 2018 and 2019 increased in the post-flood phase, with the increase in 2018 being more evident. Unlike the 2019 flood, the flood of 2018 is a significant spatial indicator for postflood cases. Our study shows that flooding leads to an increase in leptospirosis cases, and there is stronger evidence for increased leptospirosis cases after a heavy flood event than after a moderate flooding event. Flood duration may be the most important factor in determining the increase in leptospirosis infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the outbreaks of leptospirosis after floods in Kerala, India

Ifejube,

Kuriakose,

Anish

et al. 2024

Int J Health Geogr

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show abstract

“…This shows that the spread of leptospirosis is not only limited to ooded areas. Other areas affected by leptospirosis could be previously endemic areas (Sarkar et al, 2012) or new settlements that evacuated people move into (such as relief camps) (Mohd Hanapi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the Outbreaks of Leptospirosis After Floods in Kerala, India

Ifejube,

Kuriakose,

Anish

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A growing number of studies have linked the incidence of leptospirosis with the occurrence of flood events. Nevertheless, the interaction between flood and leptospirosis has not been extensively studied. This study reviews leptospirosis case in relation to different flood occurrences in Kerala, India. Leptospirosis data were obtained for three years: 2017 (non-flood year) and two years with flooding - 2018 (heavy flooding) and 2019 (moderate flooding). The distribution of cases regarding flooding events was assessed through cluster and trend analyses. A statistical comparison was made for cases of each year to ascertain the differences among the cases over flood phases and years. The cases of leptospirosis can be associated with flood events in space and time. The total cases in both 2018 and 2019 increased in the post-flood phase, with the increase in 2018 being more evident. Unlike the 2019 flood, the flood of 2018 is a significant spatial indicator for post flood cases. This study shows that flooding leads to an increase in leptospirosis cases, and there is stronger evidence for increased leptospirosis cases after a heavy flood event than a moderate flooding event. Flood duration may be the most important factor in determining the increase in leptospirosis infections.

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“…It is able to detect human antibodies against Leptospira spp, including all pathogenic Leptospira . The kit was used in several seroprevalence studies 42 – 44 . The assays were performed following the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of leptospirosis among blood donors in an endemic area

Limothai,

Tachaboon,

Dinhuzen

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Thailand is known to be endemic for leptospirosis. This bacterium may pose a potential risk to transfusion safety. This study was a cross-sectional study examining the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among Thai blood donors. A total of 1053 serum specimens collected from blood donors residing in 5 regions of Thailand during March to September 2020 were included in this study. All samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to 22 leptospiral serovars using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies using commercially available enzyme immunoassay. We found no evidence of recent exposure to Leptospira spp. in sera of healthy Thai blood donors by MAT, including those in higher-risk areas. However, in this same group, we did find small numbers of past exposure (1.7%) to Leptospira spp. by IgG ELISA. According to the findings of this study, there is currently no evidence for implementing new blood banking procedures to identify possible carriers in Thailand, however these should be continually monitored and revised according to the infectious disease burden in each country. It should be noted that there was a difference in the occupation rate between the general population reported in Thailand and blood donors in this study; it may not reflect the actual situation in the country.

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Prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and associated risk factors in the Malaysian refugee communities

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Analysing the outbreaks of leptospirosis after floods in Kerala, India

Analysing the outbreaks of leptospirosis after floods in Kerala, India

Analysing the Outbreaks of Leptospirosis After Floods in Kerala, India

Seroprevalence of leptospirosis among blood donors in an endemic area

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