Prevalence of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies among children and adolescents vaccinated in infancy and effect of booster dose administered within a pilot study

Bassal, Ravit; Markovich, Michal Perry; Weil, Merav; Shinar, Eilat; Carmeli, Yehuda; Dan, Michael; Sofer, Denit; Mendelson, Ella; Cohen, Dani; Shohat, Tamy

doi:10.1017/s0950268817002126

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…HBsAg positive children would not receive a booster dose. As one would anticipate, the anti-HBs positive rate was significantly higher in the booster group than in the no-booster group, a finding shown by others 15,16 . There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg positivity between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Protective effect of vaccinating infants with a 5 µg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose in China

Miao

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In 2002, China integrated hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) into its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) using HepB vaccine containing 5 µg of antigen. Although not recommended nationally, there was a common clinical practice in China of screening children for anti-HBs antibody level and giving a booster dose to HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative children with non-protective anti-HBs antibody levels. We report an evaluation of the protective effectiveness of the 5 µg HepB vaccine and the serological response to the booster dose. We used data from a 2014 hepatitis B serological survey to determine HBsAg positivity and anti-HBs antibody levels among children who received and did not receive a booster dose. We determined HepB coverage from the Children Immunization Information Management System (CIIMS). We obtained and analyzed reports of acute Hepatitis B (AHB) during 2008–2014 obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). The HBsAg-positive rate among children who had not received a booster dose was 0.41%, and did not increase with age (i.e., time since infant immunization). The anti-HBs positivity rate among the 6% of children who received a booster dose (88.41%) was higher than among those who had not received a booster (60.85%); anti-HBs antibody levels declined with age regardless of booster dose status. There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg positivity between children who received a booster dose and those who did not. The AHB incidence among children born between 2002 and 2007 did not increase with age. Use of routine 5 µg HepB vaccine was not associated with an increase in AHB or of HBsAg positivity by time since vaccination, providing supportive evidence that individuals vaccinated with the 5 µg HepB vaccine do not need a booster dose. Although a booster dose was associated with increases in anti-HBs antibody levels, our study provided no evidence to support the need for this clinical practice. We should continue to strengthen serological monitoring of children, especially for those born to HBsAg positive mothers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Protective effect of vaccinating infants with a 5 µg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose in China

Miao

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Upon booster vaccination of 19 individuals without residual antibodies, all but one mounted a robust anamnestic response ( 44 ). By contrast, several studies showed that only 20–30% of adolescents who received primary vaccination in infancy still had protective anti-HBs levels around age 18 ( 45 – 47 ). The age when primary vaccination is received appears to play an important role in the long-term maintenance of anti-HBs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impaired Immune Response to Primary but Not to Booster Vaccination Against Hepatitis B in Older Adults

et al. 2018

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Many current vaccines are less immunogenic and less effective in elderly compared to younger adults due to age-related changes of the immune system. Most vaccines utilized in the elderly contain antigens, which the target population has had previous contact with due to previous vaccination or infection. Therefore, most studies investigating vaccine-induced immune responses in the elderly do not analyze responses to neo-antigens but rather booster responses. However, age-related differences in the immune response could differentially affect primary versus recall responses. We therefore investigated the impact of age on primary and recall antibody responses following hepatitis B vaccination in young and older adults. Focused gene expression profiling was performed before and 1 day after the vaccination in order to identify gene signatures predicting antibody responses. Young (20–40 years; n = 24) and elderly (>60 years; n = 17) healthy volunteers received either a primary series (no prior vaccination) or a single booster shot (documented primary vaccination more than 10 years ago). Antibody titers were determined at days 0, 7, and 28, as well as 6 months after the vaccination. After primary vaccination, antibody responses were lower and delayed in the elderly compared to young adults. Non-responders after the three-dose primary series were only observed in the elderly group. Maximum antibody concentrations after booster vaccination were similar in both age groups. Focused gene expression profiling identified 29 transcripts that correlated with age at baseline and clustered in a network centered around type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, smaller 8- and 6-gene signatures were identified at baseline that associated with vaccine responsiveness during primary and booster vaccination, respectively. When evaluating the kinetic changes in gene expression profiles before and after primary vaccination, a 33-gene signature, dominated by IFN-signaling, pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammasome components, and immune cell subset markers, was uncovered that was associated with vaccine responsiveness. By contrast, no such transcripts were identified during booster vaccination. Our results document that primary differs from booster vaccination in old age, in regard to antibody responses as well as at the level of gene signatures.Clinical Trial Registration, this trial was registered at the EU Clinical Trial Register (EU-CTR) with the EUDRACT-Nr. 2013-002589-38.

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“…Although the seroconversion rate of hepatitis B vaccine is high, long-term studies have shown that the anti-HBs seropositivity ratio to hepatitis B decreases with age. 19 ,20, 21 In a 20-year study by Ni et al, 22 the overall seropositivity rate of anti-HBs in 3332 individuals at 20 years of the HBV vaccination was 55.9%. Kim et al 23 also reported an overall seropositivity rate of 55.8% in the vaccinated children and young adults (1-27 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Vaccination in Children With Ongoing Cancer Treatment: A Safety and Efficacy Study of Super-Accelerated Vaccination Scheme

Ocak¹,

Karaman²,

Vural³

et al. 2023

Turk Arch Pediatrics

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Objective: Children with cancer have an increased risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections due to chemotherapy-induced secondary immunodeficiency and frequent blood transfusions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hepatitis B vaccination during the intensive induction chemotherapy in children with cancer found to be seronegative for hepatitis B on admission. Materials and Methods: Children newly diagnosed with cancer were evaluated for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody on admission. The children negative for both were included in the study. A super-accelerated vaccination scheme (3 booster doses at days 1-5, 8-12, and 28-33) was administered to these seronegative children concurrently with induction chemotherapy. Antibody response was checked 4-8 weeks after the last vaccination and 6 months after the end of the treatment. Results: Eleven out of 122 children were seronegative for hepatitis B on admission (9%). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors were diagnosed in 5, 4, and 2 children, respectively. Complete seroconversion was achieved in 4-8 weeks after the last vaccination with high titers of anti-HBs antibody, and all patients remained antibody-positive until 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy. Conclusion: The risk of transfusion-related infections increases with a number of transfused products and donor exposures, and it is more significant for immunosuppressed children with hematologic and oncologic malignancies. Hepatitis B vaccination could safely be applied with brisk and sustained responses in this vulnerable population, based on the local epidemiological data.

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Prevalence of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies among children and adolescents vaccinated in infancy and effect of booster dose administered within a pilot study

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Protective effect of vaccinating infants with a 5 µg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose in China

Protective effect of vaccinating infants with a 5 µg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose in China

Impaired Immune Response to Primary but Not to Booster Vaccination Against Hepatitis B in Older Adults

Hepatitis B Vaccination in Children With Ongoing Cancer Treatment: A Safety and Efficacy Study of Super-Accelerated Vaccination Scheme

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