Prevalence of Anemia in Latin America and the Caribbean

Mujica-Coopman, María F; Brito, Alex; Romaña, Daniel López de; Ríos-Castillo, Israel; Cori, Héctor; Olivares, Manuel

doi:10.1177/0379572115585775

Cited by 74 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A pesar de este avance, aún continúa como un problema de salud pública de moderada intensidad, según la clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (8) . Además, se debe tener en cuenta que la distribución de esta enfermedad responde a múltiples factores, encontrándose fuertemente asociada a variables sociodemográficas y territoriales (9)(10)(11) que, en un país tan diverso como el Perú, confluyen para generar marcadas disparidades y el mantenimiento de zonas con altas prevalencias de anemia gestacional.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…La prevalencia nacional de anemia fue de 24,2% (IC 95%: 24,0-24,3) y 30,5% en el área rural vs. 22,0% en el área urbana. Las regiones de Huancavelica (45,5%; IC 95%: 44,2-46,7), Puno (42,8%; IC 95%: 41,9-43,7), Pasco (38,5%; IC 95%: 36,9-40,0), Cusco (36,0%; IC 95%: 35,8) y Apurímac (32,0%; IC 95%: 30,8-33,1) tuvieron las mayores prevalencias de anemia. El índice local de Moran identificó 202 distritos (12,3%) (44 urbanos y 158 rurales) de alta prioridad (alto-alto o hot spots) situados en Ancash, Apurímac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huánuco, Junín, La Libertad, Lima, Pasco y Puno, que muestran conglomerados distritales con altas prevalencias.…”

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Análisis espacial de la anemia gestacional en el Perú, 2015.

Hernández-Vasquéz

Azañedo

Antiporta

et al. 2017

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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Objetivos. Establecer las prevalencias regionales e identificar conglomerados distritales con altas prevalencias de anemia en gestantes atendidas en los establecimientos de salud públicos del Perú en el 2015. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio ecológico de datos de gestantes con anemia, registrados en el Sistema de Información del Estado Nutricional (SIEN), que fueron atendidas en 7703 establecimientos públicos de salud durante el 2015. Se calcularon prevalencias de anemia gestacional regionales y distritales. Mediante el índice de Moran se identificaron conglomerados distritales con alta prevalencia de anemia gestacional. Resultados. Se recolectó información de 311 521 gestantes, distribuidas en 1638 distritos del Perú. La prevalencia nacional de anemia fue de 24,2% (IC 95%: 24,0-24,3) y 30,5% en el área rural vs. 22,0% en el área urbana. Las regiones de Huancavelica (45,5%; IC 95%: 44,2-46,7), Puno (42,8%; IC 95%: 41,9-43,7), Pasco (38,5%; IC 95%: 36,9-40,0), Cusco (36,0%; IC 95%: 35,8) y Apurímac (32,0%; IC 95%: 30,8-33,1) tuvieron las mayores prevalencias de anemia. El índice local de Moran identificó 202 distritos (12,3%) (44 urbanos y 158 rurales) de alta prioridad (alto-alto o hot spots) situados en Ancash, Apurímac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huánuco, Junín, La Libertad, Lima, Pasco y Puno, que muestran conglomerados distritales con altas prevalencias. Conclusiones. La anemia gestacional en Perú concentra sus mayores prevalencias en las áreas rural y sur de la sierra. Los conglomerados distritales con altas prevalencias de anemia gestacional coinciden con las zonas de alta prevalencia regional. Palabras clave: Sistemas de Información Geográfica; Anemia; Mujeres Embarazadas; Embarazo; Perú (fuente: DeCS BIREME). SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GESTATIONAL ANEMIA IN PERU, 2015 ABSTRACTObjectives. To establish regional prevalences of anemia in pregnant women receiving care at public clinics in Peru in 2015 and identify high-prevalence district conglomerates. Materials and Methods. An ecological study was carried out on data from pregnant women with anemia registered on the Nutritional Status Information System (SIEN) who received care in 7703 public clinics in 2015. Regional and district prevalences of gestational anemia were calculated. District conglomerates with a high prevalence of gestational anemia were identified using the Moran Index. Results. Information was gathered from 311,521 pregnant women distributed in 1638 districts in Peru. The national prevalence of anemia was 24.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 24.0-24.3%), the rural prevalence was 30.5%, and the urban prevalence was 22.0%. The regions of Huancavelica (45.5%; 95% CI: 44.2-46.7%), Puno (42.8%; 95% CI: 41.9-43.7%), Pasco (38.5%; 95% CI: 36.9-40.0%), Cusco (36.0%; 95% CI: 35.3-36.8%), and Apurímac (32.0%; 95% CI: 30.8-33.1%) had the highest prevalences of anemia. The local Moran Index identified 202 high-priority districts (hot spots) (12.3% of total; 44 urban and 158 rural) located in Ancash, Apurímac, Arequipa, ...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

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Análisis espacial de la anemia gestacional en el Perú, 2015.

Hernández-Vasquéz

Azañedo

Antiporta

et al. 2017

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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“…The most common etiology of anemia is iron deficiency, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with impaired cognitive development in children (Mujica-Coopman et al, 2015). The prevalence of anemia varies based on the resources of the country; consequently, anemia is a major health problem for children in low-income or low-resource countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Anemia Levels in Infants and Children in High Altitude Peru

Amerson¹,

Miller²,

Glatt³

et al. 2017

GJHS

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When prevalence rates of anemia exceed 40%, the World Health Organization recognizes this as a severe public health problem. In Peru, approximately 43.5% (urban) and 51.1% (rural) of children between the ages of 6 and 36 months have anemia. Currently, limited data exists regarding prevalence rates in many of the high altitude regions of Peru. The main purpose of this pilot study was to establish evidence of anemia in infants and children (7 months through 5 years of age) living in the rural, mountainous region of Ollantaytambo District. This pilot study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional design to assess the presence of anemia in infants and children. Hemoglobin levels were collected from 160 children across 12 villages where elevations ranged from 2800 to 4100 meters above sea level. Chi Square tests compared anemia with age ranges, altitude, anthropometric measures, breastfeeding patterns, and types of communities. Adjusted hemoglobin levels established 47.5% of the 160 participants were anemic. Chi Square results indicated children aged 25-36 months and children living in communities at 3100 and 4100 meters displayed higher than expected rates of anemia. Results confirmed high rates of anemia and the need for education related to dietary factors.

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“…The prevalence of anemia (69%) among study children was above national averages, 29 and at such level, it is considered a severe public health problem. Parasitic diseases may play a role in the etiology of anemia, particularly where the transmission of malaria or hookworm is intense, 2,29 but the study area is not endemic for malaria 14 and the prevalence of hookworm infection was low (3.85%).…”

Section: Notementioning

confidence: 85%

“…Parasitic diseases may play a role in the etiology of anemia, particularly where the transmission of malaria or hookworm is intense, 2,29 but the study area is not endemic for malaria 14 and the prevalence of hookworm infection was low (3.85%). Thus, the findings of the current study do not support an association between anemia and STH infection.…”

Section: Notementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Transmitted Helminths, Poverty, and Malnutrition in Honduran Children Living in Remote Rural Communities

2016

Human Parasitic Diseases

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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are endemic in Honduras, but their prevalence according to the levels of poverty in the population has not been examined. The present cross-sectional study is aimed to determine the role of different levels of poverty in STH prevalence and infection intensity as well as the potential associations of STH infections with malnutrition and anemia. Research participants were children attending a medical brigade serving remote communities in Northern Honduras in June 2014. Demographic data were obtained, and poverty levels were determined using the unsatisfied basic needs method. STH infections were investigated by the Kato-Katz method; hemoglobin concentrations were determined with the HemoCue system; and stunting, thinness, and underweight were determined by anthropometry. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Among 130 children who participated in this study, a high prevalence (69.2%) of parasitism was found and the poorest children were significantly more infected than those living in less poor communities (79.6% vs. 61.8%; P = 0.030). Prevalence rates of Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, and hookworms were 69.2%, 12.3%, and 3.85%, respectively. In total, 69% of children had anemia and 30% were stunted. Households' earthen floor and lack of latrines were associated with infection. Greater efforts should be made to reduce STH prevalence and improve overall childhood health, in particular, among the poorest children lacking the basic necessities of life.

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Prevalence of Anemia in Latin America and the Caribbean

Abstract: Anemia remains a public health problem in children under 6 years of age and women of childbearing age in most Latin America and Caribbean countries for which data are available.

Cited by 74 publications

References 36 publications

Análisis espacial de la anemia gestacional en el Perú, 2015.

Análisis espacial de la anemia gestacional en el Perú, 2015.

Assessment of Anemia Levels in Infants and Children in High Altitude Peru

Soil-Transmitted Helminths, Poverty, and Malnutrition in Honduran Children Living in Remote Rural Communities

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