Prevalence of Anemia and Its Determinants Among Nonpregnant and Pregnant Women in India

Bharati, Premananda; Som, Suparna; Chakrabarty, Suman; Bharati, Susmita; Pal, Manisha

doi:10.1177/1010539508322762

Cited by 65 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] Understanding the social patterning of anaemia and heterogeneity among different groups and across states, and exploring the changing patterns of anaemia distribution over time may help elucidate which factors drive these changes, and identify interventions to address this significant health burden.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns of social inequalities in anaemia among women in India: cross-sectional study using nationally representative data

2013

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ObjectivesTo examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India.DesignRepeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models were used to assess trends and social inequalities in anaemia.SettingIndia.Population164 600 ever-married women aged 15–49 years (n=79 197 in 1998/1999 and n=85 403 in 2005/2006) from 25 Indian states.Main outcome measureAnaemia status defined by haemoglobin level (<12 g/dl in non-pregnant women, haemoglobin<11 g/dl for pregnant women).ResultsOver the 7-year period, anaemia prevalence increased significantly from 51.3% (95% CI 50.6% to 52%) to 56.1% (95% CI 55.4% to 56.8%) among Indian women. This corresponded to a 1.11-fold increase in anaemia prevalence (95% CI 1.09 to 1.13) after adjustment for age and parity, and 1.08-fold increase (95% CI 1.06 to 1.10) after further adjustment for wealth, education and caste. There was marked state variation in anaemia prevalence; in only 4 of the 25 states did anaemia prevalence significantly decline. In both periods, anaemia was socially patterned, being positively associated with lower wealth status, lower education and belonging to scheduled tribes and scheduled castes. In this context of overall increasing anaemia prevalence, adjusted relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities in anaemia by wealth, education and caste have narrowed significantly over time.ConclusionsThe significant increase in anaemia among India's women during this recent period is a matter of concern, and in contrast to secular improvements in other markers of women's health and nutritional status. While socioeconomic inequalities in anaemia persist, the relative and absolute inequalities in anaemia have decreased over time. Future research should explore the causes for these changing patterns, and inform the policy and programmatic response to address anaemia and its inequalities in this vulnerable population.

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Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns of social inequalities in anaemia among women in India: cross-sectional study using nationally representative data

2013

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“…Singh MB et al 15 in Rajasthan, India, reported similar findings i.e., prevalence among pregnant and lactating women was more as compared to non-pregnant/non-lactating. Other studies in India 5,12,13,17,23,26,32,33 also reported high prevalence of nutritional anaemia among pregnant and lactating females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutritional Anaemia Among Currently Married Females in the Reproductive Age Group in Rural Jammu.

Sharma¹,

Sahni²,

Jamwal³

et al. 2013

jemds

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“…When examining other factors possibly influencing the development of anemia in pregnancy, published reports have indicated that conditions such as the women's age, 19 education status, 20 nutritional habits, [6] smoking status [21], gravidity [22], parity [23], and the interval between consecutive pregnancies [24] may play a role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation the anemia status among preeclamptic pregnants in hospital inpatients from Sanliurfa, Turkey

Toker¹,

Kabalcioğlu²,

Sönmez³

et al. 2016

Med-Science

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Pre-eclampsia is common in the region who are underserved to antenatal care services and constitute risk of anemia.To evaluate the anemia status and its contributing factors in pregnant women a diagnosis of Pre-Eclampsia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2012 to January 2013. This study involved 128 pregnant women hospitalized with a diagnosis of Pre-Eclampsia who consented to being study subjects were included. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Student's t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation, Binary logistic regression coefficient. Average (±1 SD) and percent frequency values were: Age, 31.53±6.43 years; parity 2.96±1.51; cesarean section at last birth, 40.6%; unplanned pregnancy, 28.1%; use of iron and vitamin pills, 100%; presence of anemia (i.e. blood hemoglobin (Hb) <11), 25%; average Hb, 11.93±1.49 g/dL; and hematocrit (Hct), 35.33±4.05%. No significant effect of the considered socio-demographic factors was observed. A significant difference was observed in the frequency of anemia between patients whose preceding delivery had been by cesarean section and those with regular delivery (32.7% vs. 11.6%, respectively, p=0.044). Statistically significant negative correlation could be detected between pregnancy intervals and anemia (OR, 0.74). Anemia is important factor in the etiology of PreEclampsia, despite access to sufficient prenatal care, these pregnant patients is common frequently. Previous delivery method appears to play a role in the development of anemia. These pregnant patients may be at increased risk due not only to Pre-Eclampsia but also to their anemia.

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Prevalence of Anemia and Its Determinants Among Nonpregnant and Pregnant Women in India

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Changing patterns of social inequalities in anaemia among women in India: cross-sectional study using nationally representative data

Changing patterns of social inequalities in anaemia among women in India: cross-sectional study using nationally representative data

Nutritional Anaemia Among Currently Married Females in the Reproductive Age Group in Rural Jammu.

Evaluation the anemia status among preeclamptic pregnants in hospital inpatients from Sanliurfa, Turkey

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