Prevalence Of Anemia and Associated Risk Factors Among Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients Attending Ambo Town Government Hospitals in West Shewa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Anemia is the most common blood disorder and common complications of Diabetes mellitus. It is also a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health, social and economic development. In Ethiopia, chronic illnesses are tremendously rising with their complications, but very little research has been conducted, particularly on anemia among type two diabetic mellitus patients. Objective: To assess the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients attending Ambo town government Hospitals in West Shewa, Ethiopia from September – October 2020 G.C. Method: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on T2DM patients from September - October 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 356 patients. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews, Administered Questionnaires, and Other Biological Samples such as, blood and urine from 356 patients. Data was entered to EPI-info and exported to SPSS software package for further analysis, Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted; Crude Odds Ratio and Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95 Percentage Confidence Interval (CI) were computed. In all cases, P-value less than 0.05 is taken as statistically significant. Results: The study showed that 27.5 Percentage of participants were anemic. Out of anemic T2DM patients, 92 (92.9 Percentage) and 7 (7.1 Percentage) had mild and moderate anemia, respectively. Having nephropathy (AOR = 6.2, CI: 1.82, 21.16), being male (AOR = 4.32, CI: 1.09, 517.03), duration of diabetes for 5 years and greater (AOR = 4.42, CI: 1.27, 15.45) and having high serum creatinine (AOR=10.07, CI: 2.89, 35.2) were all significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion: The magnitude of anemia was 27.5 Percentage among T2DM patients in the study area. Therefore, routine screening of anemia for all T2DM patients assisting in early identification and improved management of diabetes will lead to improved quality of life in this patient population.