Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Reproductive Tract Infections among Pregnant Women in Ten Communes in Nghe An Province, Vietnam

Goto, Aya; Nguyễn, Quang Vinh; Pham, Nghiem Minh; Kato, Kumiko; Cao, Thi Phi Nga; Le, Thi Hoai Chung; Hoang, Quoc Kieu; Le, Thi Quynh Nga; Nguyen, Ba Tan; Katsube, Mayumi; Ishii, Sumie; Yasumura, Seiji

doi:10.2188/jea.15.163

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The overall prevalence of trichomoniasis diagnosed by microscopic examination was 6.6%, with significant differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic women (0.7% and 19.3%, respectively). Data obtained on the asymptomatic group are consistent with results described in previous works in Vietnam [14,15]. In these studies, in fact, women were enrolled based only on their status of pregnancy or marriage not mentioning vaginal symptoms, and therefore might have been considered asymptomatic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Lan et al [14] showed that the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in a group of married women in the Bavi district of North Vietnam was 1%. Similar results were obtained in a group of pregnant women in Hanoi, Vietnam [15]. As expected, prevalence was higher in women at high risk for sexually transmitted infection, as shown in a group of female sex workers in South Vietnam, showing a prevalence of 8.9% [16].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Different habits, sexual behaviors and symptomatology of the population under study can greatly influence results. In Vietnam, data on the prevalence of trichomoniasis are limited to a few studies, showing a very low prevalence of infection (range 1.0-1.4%) among women at low-risk for sexually transmitted infections [14][15]. Only one study was conducted on population at high-risk, and showed that 8.9% of 406 female sex workers in the Soc Trang province of Vietnam tested positive for Trichomonas vaginalis [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam

Nguyen

Cao

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The diffusion of trichomoniasis in Vietnam has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of trichomoniasis in a group of symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam. Relationships between education, socioeconomical and marital status, and sexual behavior with infection have also been investigated. Methodology: 249 symptomatic and 534 asymptomatic women from Hue City, Vietnam, were enrolled in this study. All women were interviewed about socioeconomical and behavioral status. They underwent clinical examination, and vaginal swabs were taken to assess T. vaginalis infection by wet mount microscopy examination. In addition, an ELISA test to detect antibodies to T. vaginalis in patients' sera was used. Results: The overall prevalence of trichomoniasis assessed by microscopic examination was 6.6%. A significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups was observed, resulting in 19.3% and 0.7%, respectively. Anti-T.vaginalis antibodies were detected in 31.3% of symptomatic and in 13.3% of asymptomatic women. High-risk sexual behaviour, residence in urban areas, and low level of education were positively associated with infection. Conclusion: This is the first report on the diffusion of trichomoniasis in Central Vietnam on symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Data demonstrated that T. vaginalis is a common cause of vaginal infection in the Hue province. The prevalence detected by microscopic examination was high in symptomatic subjects, while serological ELISA test detected infection also in asymptomatic patients, who tested negative by microscopy. The ELISA test may be useful to detect infection, especially in asymptomatic population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam

Nguyen

Cao

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Yet research on coinfections during pregnancy and lactation has primarily focused on the associations of HIV and malaria with other pathogens including intestinal nematodes [18][19][20] or associations with other infections of the intestine 21 or the reproductive tract. [22][23][24] For example, intestinal nematode infections are often positively associated with one another 25 and BV is often positively associated with other common vaginal pathogens. [26][27][28] Much less is understood about interactions among vaginal, intestinal, urinary tract, skin, and oral infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Among Urogenital, Intestinal, Skin, and Oral Infections in Pregnant and Lactating Panamanian Ngäbe Women: A Neglected Public Health Challenge

Gonzalez‐Fernandez¹,

Koski²,

Sinisterra³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Interrelationships among bacteria, protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites were explored in a cross-sectional survey of 213 pregnant and 99 lactating indigenous women. Prevalences in pregnancy and lactation, respectively, were: vaginitis (89.2%; 46.8%), vaginal trichomoniasis (75.3%; 91.1%), bacterial vaginosis (BV; 60.6%; 63.3%), hookworm (56.6%; 47.8%), asymptomatic bacteriuria/urinary tract infection (AB/UTI; 56.2%; 36.2%), cervicitis (33.3%; 6.3%), vaginal yeast (24.9%; 11.4%), Ascaris (32.5%; 17.4%), vaginal diplococci (20.4%; 31.6%), caries (19.7%; 18.2%), scabies (17.4%; 8.1%), and Trichuris (12.5%; 8.7%). Multiple regressions revealed positive associations during pregnancy (trichomoniasis and AB/UTI; diplococci and Ascaris) and lactation (yeast and scabies). Negative associations were detected in pregnancy (BV and trichomoniasis; hookworm and diplococci) and lactation (BV and yeast). Vaginal Lactobacillus reduced odds of diplococci in pregnancy and lactation, but increased Ascaris eggs per gram (epg) and odds of trichomoniasis in pregnancy and yeast in lactation. These associations raised a concern that treatment of one condition may increase the risk of another.

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“…Induced abortion may increase the risk of reproductive tract infection (RTI), and the risk was also increased with the number of induced abortion. [18][19][20] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the risk factors related to ectopic pregnancy in intrauterine device users

Zhou

Yang

Sun

et al. 2017

JER

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Objectives: Analysis of the risk factors related to ectopic pregnancy (EP) among intrauterine device (IUD) users in order to reduce the risk of EP from IUD users and to safeguard women's health. Methods: A total of 29 EP cases were collected and 1:1 matched controls in IUD users by case-control study. Results: The data showed that pregnancies had significant association with EP, two pregnancies and three or more pregnancies were increased the risk of EP, adjusted odds ratio AOR = 14.39, 95% CI: 2.37, 87.49 and AOR = 14.87, 95% CI: 2.27, 97.38 respectively. The risk of EP in women of previous abdominal or pelvic surgery was also significantly increased (AOR = 4.43, 95% CI: 1.04, 18.92). While no significant association have been seen with age, first or second time use IUD, periods of insertion, types of IUD, and copper surface area of IUD. Conclusion:The results suggest that the number of pregnancies significantly increase the risk of EP, there is no significant association between the risk of EP and copper surface area or shape of IUD used. Therefore, a woman's individual risk factors will lead to a rise in the risk of EP, there is a need to the suitability of her contraceptive. It is beneficial to reduce the risk of EP by the prevention of unwilling pregnancy and induced abortion.

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Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Reproductive Tract Infections among Pregnant Women in Ten Communes in Nghe An Province, Vietnam

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam

Interactions Among Urogenital, Intestinal, Skin, and Oral Infections in Pregnant and Lactating Panamanian Ngäbe Women: A Neglected Public Health Challenge

A study of the risk factors related to ectopic pregnancy in intrauterine device users

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