Prevalence of and factors associated with anal high-risk human papillomavirus in urban Tanzanian men who have sex with men, 2011-2012

Nyitray, Alan G.; Masunaga, Ka ` imi ` aina; Nyoni, Joyce; Ross, Michael W.

doi:10.1177/09564624221094456

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Additional HPV types are also classified as high-risk due to their role in cervical cancer, though they cause a much smaller proportion of disease ( 219 ). Additionally, men who have sex with men are at high-risk for anal infections and cancers; incidence of these cancer types has been increasing in this population ( 220 ) ( 221 ). PLWH also represent a unique population when it comes to HPV.…”

Section: Human Papilloma Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

Diakité

Shaw‐Saliba²,

Lau³

2023

Front. Virol.

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The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi’s sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA’s battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.

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Section: Human Papilloma Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

Diakité

Shaw‐Saliba²,

Lau³

2023

Front. Virol.

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“… 8 HPV16 is the most common hrHPV in HSIL and AC in both patients without HIV and patients with HIV. 9 , 10 While factors such as female sex, several sexual partners, genital warts, cigarette smoking, and receptive anal intercourse have all been linked to the occurrence of AC, they have also been increasing over the past 30 years. 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Outcomes of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients With and Without HIV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa

Mduma

Dharsee

Samwel

et al. 2023

JCO Global Oncology

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PURPOSE In the past 20 years, the burden of anal cancer (AC) increased by 60% in the United States and over three-fold in Africa. Rates of AC have increased by 20× in people living with HIV and the highest (50×) in men with HIV who have sex with men. However, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where HIV is endemic, data on clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with AC are lacking. To address this, we have investigated AC disease presentation, treatment outcomes, and its predictors in a cohort of patients who were either HIV-infected or HIV-uninfected in SSA. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from January 2014 to December 2019. Associations between the study outcomes and their predictors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis models. RESULTS A total of 59 patients with anal SCC were retrieved and had at least 2-year follow-up. The mean age was 53.9 (standard deviation ±10.5) years. While none of the patients presented with stage I disease, 64.4% had locally advanced disease. HIV infection was the major comorbidity (64.4%). The rate of complete remission at the end of treatment was at 49% while the 2-year overall survival (OS) and local recurrence-free survival were 86.4% and 91.3%, respectively. Despite high HIV coinfection in the cohort, AC treatment outcomes were not significantly associated with HIV status. Disease stage ( P = .012) and grade ( P = .030) were significantly associated with 2-year OS. CONCLUSION Patients with anal SCC in Tanzania present mainly with locally advanced disease associated with high HIV prevalence. In this cohort, the SCC grade was independently associated with treatment outcomes unlike other factors such as HIV coinfection.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with anal high-risk human papillomavirus in urban Tanzanian men who have sex with men, 2011-2012

Cited by 2 publications

References 35 publications

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Outcomes of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients With and Without HIV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa

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