Prevalence of and Associated Risk Factors for Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in California, 2000-2003

Bauer, Heidi M.; Mark, Karen E.; Samuel, Michael C.; Wang, Susan A.; Weismuller, Penny; Moore, Douglas F.; Gunn, Robert A.; Peter, Chris Maina; Vannier, Ann M.; Deaugustine, Nettie; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Knapp, Joan S.; Bolan, Gail

doi:10.1086/432801

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As far as penicillin is concerned, the non-PPNG strains presented an intermediated susceptibility, with a tendency to increase in susceptibility to this drug with time, although the obtained results are inferior to those found by CHOWDRY et al 6 and SHIGEMURA et al 22 . Regarding ofloxacin, we identified only 8% resistance among the non-PPNG strains, a much inferior result than those reported in the world literature, which oscillate between 70% and 90% of resistance 2,20,27 , these probably being the first resistant strains identified in Brazil.…”

contrasting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of the in vitro activity of six antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Belda

Velho

Fagundes

et al. 2007

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYUse of antimicrobials for the treatment of gonorrhea started in 1930 with the utilization of sulfonamides. With the years other drugs were used for its treatment such as penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, and others. Although highly specific in the beginning, these drugs, with time did not show anymore the expected therapeutic results because of aspects of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to six drugs used for its treatment (penicillin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, thiamphenicol, spectinomycin and ofloxacin) by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations of these drugs. We concluded that drugs, such as cefoxitin, thiamphenicol and spectinomycin still are excellent pharmacological agents for the treatment of gonorrhea. Penicillin, although still efficient, needs more attention regarding its use, as well as ofloxacin, because of the emergence of resistant strains. Tetracycline and its derivatives should be strongly contraindicated for the treatment of gonorrhea.

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contrasting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of the in vitro activity of six antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Belda

Velho

Fagundes

et al. 2007

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…The appearance of these strains may be a contributing factor to the recent increase in effective population size. The initial introductions of quinolone resistant strains to a community are typically the result of diverse strains having been transported, via travelers, from regions where resistant strains are endemic (Bauer et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Temporal trends in gonococcal population genetics in a high prevalence urban community

Pérez‐Losada

Crandall

Zenilman

et al. 2007

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Molecular evolutionary studies can provide insights into the spread of infectious diseases and inform infection control measures. We performed a population genetic analysis of gonococcal isolates obtained over a 15-year interval in Baltimore MD, where gonorrhea is highly prevalent. Categorical analysis of genetic differentiation revealed temporal structuring of the gonococcal population. The use of a new method to determine the historical demography of N. gonorrhoeae from sequence data showed a strong correlation with trends in the number of reported cases of N. gonorrhoeae and, in addition, may reflect the influence of social and demographic factors and the impact of antimicrobial resistance on the molecular epidemiology of gonorrhea in Baltimore over the past two decades. The strong correlation between the population genetic inferences over the last twenty years and the demographic data collected over the same time period demonstrates the utility of these approaches for the accurate inference of complex population dynamics using multilocus sequence data. The real time application of population genetic analysis can provide sentinel data on gonococcal prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns and changing epidemiology of gonococcal infections.

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“…The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has been a recurrent problem in managing gonococcal infections (3,16). Bacteria in biofilms have been shown to be significantly more resistant to antimicrobials than bacteria in the planktonic phase of growth.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Neisseria gonorrhoeae Biofilm Matrix Contains DNA, and an Endogenous Nuclease Controls Its Incorporation

et al. 2011

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been shown to produce biofilms both in experimental flow chambers and in the human host. Our laboratory has shown that extracellular DNA is an essential component of the gonococcal matrix. We have also identified a gene in N. gonorrhoeae, which we designated nuc. This gene has homology with the staphylococcus-secreted thermonuclease. Our laboratory has characterized nuc through phenotypic analysis of a nuc deletion mutant. Biofilms grown with this strain are significantly thicker and of greater biomass than the N. gonorrhoeae 1291 parent strain. Confocal microscopy indicates that the increased size of the mutant biofilms appears to be due to elevated amounts of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix. Chromosomal complementation of the nuc mutation restored the wild-type biofilm phenotype. In addition, we have cloned and expressed the Nuc protein in Escherichia coli, and our data indicate that it has the ability to digest multiple forms of DNA and is a thermonuclease. The ability of Nuc to digest DNA also extends to its ability to disrupt established gonococcal biofilms through degradation of the DNA in the biofilm matrix. Our studies indicate that the N. gonorrhoeae biofilm contains DNA and that the Nuc protein appears to play a role in biofilm formation and remodeling.

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Prevalence of and Associated Risk Factors for Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in California, 2000-2003

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of the in vitro activity of six antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Evaluation of the in vitro activity of six antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Temporal trends in gonococcal population genetics in a high prevalence urban community

The Neisseria gonorrhoeae Biofilm Matrix Contains DNA, and an Endogenous Nuclease Controls Its Incorporation

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