Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women at Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland

Abstract

Background Anaemia remains a major global public health issue, affecting around 24.8% of the world’s population in both developing and developed countries. Pregnant women in developing countries are particularly susceptible, with 38.2% affected worldwide. Anaemia is also a major contributor to maternal mortality, with 510,000 maternal deaths globally, of which 20% occur in developing countries and are related to anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most prevalent form, impacting 1.3 to 2.2 billion individuals, with 50% being women of reproductive age. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), Somaliland. Methods A cross-sectional study included 360 pregnant women, who sought ANC at HGH between July 15 and August 6, 2023. The study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and participants’ current medical records, including haemoglobin levels. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 20). Results The study revealed an overall prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women at 50.6% (95% CI: 45.40% − 55.72%). Anaemia severity was categorized as mild (33.0%), moderate (54.9%), and severe (12.1%). Factors statistically associated with anaemia included gestational age in the third trimester (AOR = 3.248, 95% CI: 1.491–7.074), lack of ANC visits (AOR = 6.828, 95% CI: 1.966–23.721), and absence of iron supplementation (AOR = 29.588, 95% CI: 2.922–299.713). Notably, a higher consumption of meat per week was associated with a reduced risk of anaemia (AOR = 0.198, 95% CI: 0.104–0.379). Conclusion The study underscores the severity of anaemia in pregnant women within the study area. Preventative measures, including patient education and supportive treatments, can mitigate factors contributing to anaemia during pregnancy. It is crucial to emphasize effective prenatal care, improve dietary practices, and promote the provision of iron supplements. Enhanced maternal education on anaemia during ANC visits has the potential to reduce anaemia prevalence and mitigate adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.