Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementing Disorders in an Urban Community of Beijing, China

Wang, Wenzhi; Wu, Shengping; Cheng, Xue-ming; Dai, Hanteng; Ross, Kathryn; Du, Xin; Yin, Wengang

doi:10.1159/000026255

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…A comparison of worldwide epidemiological studies shows that both the incidence and prevalence gures for dementia increase with age and that women have a higher risk for developing AD according to every report available in the literature (7,46,74,101). There are also signi cant differences in incidence and prevalence around the world (74,101,110). The increased risk of AD, as well as PD, with lower literacy (50,90) could be related to exposure to toxins and PM in the environment, starting in childhood, and occupational history involving exposure to iron, copper, manganese, mercury, zinc, and lead (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution and Brain Damage

et al. 2002

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Exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants produces in ammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Because the nasal cavity is a common portal of entry, respiratory and olfactory epithelia are vulnerable targets for toxicological damage. This study has evaluated, by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemica l expression of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-j B) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the olfactory and respiratory nasal mucosae, olfactory bulb, and cortical and subcortical structures from 32 healthy mongrel canine residents in Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC), a highly polluted urban region. Findings were compared to those in 8 dogs from Tlaxcala, a less polluted, control city. In SWMMC dogs, expression of nuclear neuronal NF-j B and iNOS in cortical endothelial cells occurred at ages 2 and 4 weeks; subsequen t damage included alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), degenerating cortical neurons, apoptotic glial white matter cells, deposition of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-positive lipid droplets in smooth muscle cells and pericytes, nonneuritic plaques, and neuro brillary tangles. Persistent pulmonary in ammation and deteriorating olfactory and respiratory barriers may play a role in the neuropatholog y observed in the brains of these highly exposed canines. Neurodegenerativ e disorders such as Alzheimer's may begin early in life with air pollutants playing a crucial role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution and Brain Damage

et al. 2002

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“…4,5 The point prevalence of vascular dementia in mainland China ranges from 0.17% to 1.37%. 6,7 The point prevalence of vascular dementia in Hong Kong is 1.79%. 8 There has been a recent upsurge of interest in poststroke dementia (PSDE), which is a subtype of vascular dementia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Frequency and Determinants of Poststroke Dementia in Chinese

Tang

Chan

Chiu

et al. 2004

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Both dementia and stroke are major health problems in Chinese societies. Stroke is a frequent cause of dementia. Only a few studies have been published on poststroke dementia (PSDE), none of which has investigated a consecutive stroke cohort in Asian patient populations. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and clinical correlates of PSDE in Chinese stroke patients in Hong Kong. Methods-Two hundred eighty stroke patients consecutively admitted to the medical wards of a university-affiliated regional hospital were interviewed by a psychiatrist 3 months after stroke. The presence of dementia and vascular dementia was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition. In addition, a wide range of demographic and clinical variables were examined. Results-Fifty-five participants (20%) had PSDE. Univariate analysis found that PSDE was associated with age; level of education; prestroke Rankin Scale score; prestroke Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) score; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) best language score, dysarthria score, and total score; urinary incontinence; cortical infarct; leukoaraiosis; bilateral lesions; number of lesions; involvement of middle cerebral artery circulation; and cerebral atrophy index. Multivariate logistic regression suggested that prestroke IQCODE score, NIHSS total score, leukoaraiosis, involvement of middle cerebral artery territory, and cerebral atrophy index were independent risk factors of PSDE. After removal of 22 patients with prestroke dementia, which was defined as a prestroke IQCODE score Ն4.0, the frequency of PSDE dropped to 15.5%. Furthermore, involvement of the middle cerebral artery territory and cerebral atrophy index were replaced by level of education and bilateral lesions as independent predictors in the final logistic model. Conclusions-PSDE is common among Chinese stroke patients in Hong Kong. Its frequency is comparable to that in white populations. The clinical determinants of PSDE, after the exclusion of patients with prestroke dementia, include premorbid level of cognitive function, severity of stroke, leukoaraiosis, level of education, and bilateral lesions.

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“…5 Different studies in Asia showed the prevalence of dementia among the persons aged 65 years and above were in between 2.4% to 3.5%. [6][7][8] According to World Health Organization (WHO), dementia has emerged as a public health priority because it causes the devastating economic burden on families and nations. The cost of dementia will rise at a greater rate than the prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia among older patients attending National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Haq

Sarkar²,

Roy

et al. 2017

Bang J Psychiatry

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IntroductionThe older population is rapidly growing throughout the world. It has been estimated that the elderly will exceed 1 billion by 2020. 1 The increasing number of the older people has imposed a huge health impact on the society and is also accompanied by the greater decline in health and different domains of function. 2 Among the old population dementia has become the focus of attention of health care professionals' worldwide. This chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. Dementia is a condition which usually starts after the age of 65 years, but it may occur before the age of 65 years. 3 In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) dementia is placed under major neurocognitive disorders where cognitive deficits interfere with independence in everyday activities. 4 The prevalence of dementia is approximately 5% in general population older than 65 years of age and 20-40% in general population older than 85 years. 5 Different studies in Asia showed the prevalence of dementia among the persons aged 65 years and above were in between 2.4% to 3.5%. [6][7][8] According to World Health Organization (WHO), dementia has emerged as a public health priority because it causes the devastating economic burden on families and nations. The cost of dementia will rise at a greater rate than the prevalence. Therefore, societies all over the world should be prepared to face the social and economic burden of dementia. 9 Dementia is overwhelming for the caregivers. One study in India found that caregivers of people with dementia spent significantly longer time providing care and 16 times more likely to have a common mental disorder than care givers of other chronic disorders. 10 With the world's eighth largest population with 160 million people, the percentage of people aged more than 60 years in Bangladesh is projected to increase to 9% by 2025 and 21% by 2050. 11 Considering the above-mentioned facts on the dearth of data on dementia in Bangladesh and its huge importance have impelled the author to undertake the study. The objective of the study was to find out the proportion of dementia among older patients as well as to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with dementia. This study will be a baseline study on dementia. SummaryDementia has become the focus of attention of health care professionals' worldwide. The objective of the study was to find out the proportion of dementia among older patients as well as to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with dementia attending National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This was a cross sectional study conducted in NIMH during the period from 1 st November 2014 to 30 th April 2015. For this purpose, 78 elderly patients aged e"60 years attending both in outpatient and inpatient departments of NIMH, satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected by convenient sampling tech...

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Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementing Disorders in an Urban Community of Beijing, China

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Air Pollution and Brain Damage

Air Pollution and Brain Damage

Frequency and Determinants of Poststroke Dementia in Chinese

Dementia among older patients attending National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh

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