Prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum among Clinical Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Saliva Samples

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum prevalence correlates with salivary microbial burden in Orthodontic patients

“…In addition, it was demonstrated the AA was more prevalent than FN overall, and among each of the categories evaluated (orthodontic, nonorthodontic). These data support previous observations from this clinical population, which demonstrated orthodontic patients were more likely than nonorthodontic patients to harbor one of these organisms in significant numbers [6,8]. These observations are also supported by clinical studies and systematic review that confirm the effects of orthodontic treatment may trigger significant changes in the composition of subgingival microbes, including AA and FN [16][17][18].…”

“…All previously collected saliva samples had DNA extracted using the GenomicPrep DNA isolation kit (Amersham Biosciences), as previously described [6,8]. The quantity and purity of the extracted DNA was determined using UV absorbance readings at 280 and 260 nm, as previously described [13,14].…”

“…Although much research has focused on classical oral pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, much less information is available to determine the relationship between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum among these patients [5,6]. More specifically, some previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of Aggregatibacter (but not Fusobacterium) was more prevalent in the saliva of orthodontic patients [7,8]. Although many studies have evaluated the role of Aggregatibacter in oral pathogenesis, more efforts have recently focused on the role of this organism to influence and modulate oral ecology [9][10][11].…”

Oral Prevalence of Akkermansia muciniphila Differs among Pediatric and Adult Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Patients

“…The comparative analysis undertaken in this current study demonstrates that age-related changes in the oral prevalence of Gram-negative Akkermansia are similar to that of Gram-negative Selenomonas (higher levels among children than adults) but may exhibit opposite change with the presence of orthodontic appliances ( Akkermansia decreased, Selenomonas increased), confirmed by other reports from this group reporting Selenomonas prevalence among orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients [ 26 , 27 ]. Furthermore, the finding that Akkermansia prevalence decreased among orthodontic patients while the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas increased, may suggest that the mechanisms that drive these changes may be separate and distinct from changes in the periodontium and gingival crevices normally observed in orthodontic therapy [ 28 , 29 ].…”

“…Cycle specifications included activation of the enzyme at 95 °C for 15 min followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C (15 s), annealing using each primer pair-specific temperature (30 s), with final extension at 72 °C (30 s). Validated primer sets included [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]:…”