Prevalence of aflatoxins contamination in palm kernel cake in Malaysia

Hammid, Abdul Niefaizal Abdul; Kuntom, Ainie; Mutalib, Sahilah Abd.

doi:10.1080/03067319.2022.2128788

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This study is similar to a previous study conducted in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa for investigation of AFB1 in pasture feed and manufactured feed their results indicated that pasture feed contained a low percentage of aflatoxin B1 while manufactured feed possessed a high percentage of AFB1 (Alsulami et al 2023). The palm oil meal revealed a low contamination level of AFB1 the results obtained was 6.3 µg/kg and higher results were obtained by the author who studied palm oil kernel in Malaysia Aflatoxins he cited that the levels of contamination in all samples were less than 5 µg/kg, meeting the maximum allowed limit of 20 µg/kg set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union (EU) (Abdul Niefaizal et al 2022). Soya bean meal revealed zero contamination of aflatoxin B1 on the other hand, in the study conducted in Egypt the contamination level was found above the permissible limit adopted by the FDA and EU, and about 33.3% of samples were contaminated with above adopted ranging of 20µg/kg, (Abdou et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effect of Lactation Period and Parity Order on Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Smallholder Farms in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Sadam,

Malaka,

Baco

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Aflatoxins (AFs) are naturally toxic compounds produced by a specific type of fungi, which subsequently contaminate foods and animal feeds, potentially carcinogenic to humans. This study aimed to assess the effect of lactation period and parity order on Aflatoxin AFM1 and the association between them through smallholder dairy farms in addition to aflatoxin M1 in local cheese “DANGKE” and Aflatoxin B1 in animal feed samples from Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 39 raw cow milk samples and 12 and 16 roughage and concentrated feed samples were randomly obtained from smallholder dairy farms in Enrekang and they were examined in terms of AFM1 and AFB1 using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 in roughage animal feed was 8.33%, with a concentration range of 7.32µ/kg above the limit of detection. The concentrated feed has a different amount of Aflatoxin B1 according to the type of feed used in the farm ranging from 6.04 to 58.74µ/kg with a mean of 27.8µ/kg and representing 37.5% for all concentrated feed samples. The prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in milk revealed that 69.2% of samples were positive ranging from 3.08±4.35 to 7.95±0.24µ/kg with a mean 5.05±3.50µ/kg above a limit of detection. All samples from cheese showed negative results for AFM1. However, 3(50%) of positive concentrated feed samples exceeded the European Union (EU) regulation of 20µ/kg for dairy animal feed, the roughage feed samples and all of the concentrated feed samples were under Indonesian National Standard (SNI) of 200µ/kg, these three samples namely commercial concentrate and rice bran they include about 57.18, 30.98 and 58.74µ/kg, respectively. Therefore, all raw milk-positive samples were above the limits of the Indonesian national standard of 0.5µ/kg, and above EU and USA limits of 0.05 and 0.50 µg/kg, respectively for raw cow milk. The results showed that no relation between the amount of aflatoxin M1 and lactation period and parity order (P˃0.05). In contrast, the interaction of lactation period and parity order significantly (P<0.05) affected aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk. Further research is needed to explore the association between the aflatoxin lactation period and parity order. The study revealed a high prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds and raw cow milk, suggesting a potential health risk to consumers. Therefore, it is vital to increase awareness and knowledge on Aflatoxin, proper handling, storage, and monitoring of feeds among the stakeholders in the dairy value chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effect of Lactation Period and Parity Order on Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Smallholder Farms in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Sadam,

Malaka,

Baco

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Aflatoxin is another contamination that usually occurs in PKC, which is the by-product of palm oil mainly used in animal feed (Hammid et al, 2022b). A significant range in aflatoxin concentration was found among the 24 samples of PKC examined.…”

Section: Addressing Perceptions On Food Safety and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mill management should include proper storage techniques, advanced agricultural technologies, good agricultural practices, manufacturing and storage practices. Proper ventilation, uniform loading, reduction of insect infestation, and temperature control can help in reducing aflatoxin contamination (Hammid et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Addressing Perceptions On Food Safety and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

OIL PALM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA AND R&D PROGRESS IN 2022

Parveez¹

2023

JOPR

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The oil palm industry saw a marginal improvement in crude palm oil production in 2022 from 18.12 (2021) to 18.45 million tonnes and overall export volume by 1.8% to 24.72 million tonnes. Export value reached a new record high of RM137.89 billion due to extraordinary hike in palm oil prices. Despite this, upstream efforts remained technologically-driven in maximising oil yield per hectare, managing nutrient cycle, soil fertility, pests and diseases and ecological services. Particularly, planting materials were improved by widening the oil palm gene pool. The unrelenting labour shortage issue intensified adoption of sensorand vision-based mechanisation technologies for fruit bunches harvesting. In the biomass and bioenergy context, synergistically interfacing supply chains to address logistic issues was key to broader adoption. Integrating engineered nanomaterial, diversely-orientated carbon layering and specialty chemicals from biowastes/byproducts into current palm oil processing not only could ensure that the industry continues to play an important role in the global value chain for food, feed, fibre, fuel and chemicals but also portray multiple industrial symbiosis approaches. Similarly, intensifying businesses and performance of oleo-based industries, such as bio-lubricants, and nutritional research for quality and contamination monitoring, are prioritised in the interest of achieving circular economy.

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Aflatoxin M ₁ levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Aminuddin,

Jamaluddin,

Sabran

et al. 2024

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Prevalence of aflatoxins contamination in palm kernel cake in Malaysia

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of Lactation Period and Parity Order on Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Smallholder Farms in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Effect of Lactation Period and Parity Order on Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Smallholder Farms in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

OIL PALM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA AND R&D PROGRESS IN 2022

Aflatoxin M ₁ levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Prevalence of aflatoxins contamination in palm kernel cake in Malaysia

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of Lactation Period and Parity Order on Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Smallholder Farms in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Effect of Lactation Period and Parity Order on Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Smallholder Farms in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

OIL PALM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA AND R&D PROGRESS IN 2022

Aflatoxin M 1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Aflatoxin M ₁ levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia