Prevalence of a history of prior varicella/herpes zoster infection in multiple sclerosis

Manouchehrinia, Ali; Tanasescu, Radu; Kareem, Huner; Jerca, Oltita; Jabeen, Fouzia; Shafei, Rachelle; Breuer, Judith; Irving, William L.; Constantinescu, Cris S.

doi:10.1007/s13365-017-0569-1

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Our results showed a higher prevalence and levels of VZV IgG antibody in MS patients compared to controls. This result is in agreement with previous reports from other geographical areas in which higher prevalence of VZV virus infection was also reported [36][37][38][39][40]. These results suggest a possible role of VZV infection in the etiology and/or pathogenesis of MS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of seropositivity of selected Herpesviruses in patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the North of Jordan

Kofahi

Sabaheen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that is caused by an autoimmune response that results in the demyelination of the neurons in the central nervous system. The exact etiology of MS is not clear; however, several environmental and genetic factors are believed to participate in its initiation and development, including exposure to viruses.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the association between the seropositivity and antibody titer of selected herpesviruses and MS in Jordanian MS patients.MethodIn this study, 55 MS patients and 40 age- and gender-matching apparently healthy volunteers were recruited from two main hospitals in the north of Jordan. MS patients were grouped into three types of MS based on the clinical presentation of the disease. Blood samples were collected from the participants and the IgG antibodies for human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen (EBNA), EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) were assayed by ELISA. The prevalence of seropositivity and the antibody level for each of the antibodies were compared between MS patients and controls and between the three types of MS.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the prevalence of seropositivity and in the levels of antibodies for HHV-6, EBNA and VCA between MS patients and controls and between the three types of MS. In contrast, the number of seropositive patients and the level of IgG antibodies for VZV were significantly higher in MS patients compared to the control.ConclusionThis study showed that patients with MS in the north of Jordan were more likely to be seropositive for VZV than the general population. Based on this finding, we recommend further studies to evaluate the seropositivity to VZV to be carried out in other parts of Jordan and the greater middle east to find out if there is correlation between MS and previous infection with VZV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of seropositivity of selected Herpesviruses in patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the North of Jordan

Kofahi

Sabaheen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Analysis of AQP1 antibodies and AQP4 antibodies was performed using a live CBA described previously [31,44]. Briefly, HEK293A cells were transiently transfected using the pcDNA6.2C-EmGFP-GW/TOPO plasmid (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), expressing AQP4 (isoform M23) or AQP1 (isoform 1) fused C-terminally to emerald green fluorescence protein.…”

Section: Cell-based Aqp1 and Aqp4 Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody signatures in patients with histopathologically defined multiple sclerosis patterns

et al. 2020

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Early active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions can be classified histologically into three main immunopathological patterns of demyelination (patterns I-III), which suggest pathogenic heterogeneity and may predict therapy response. Patterns I and II show signs of immune-mediated demyelination, but only pattern II is associated with antibody/complement deposition. In pattern III lesions, which include Baló's concentric sclerosis, primary oligodendrocyte damage was proposed. Serum antibody reactivities could reflect disease pathogenesis and thus distinguish histopathologically defined MS patterns. We established a customized microarray with more than 700 peptides that represent human and viral antigens potentially relevant for inflammatory demyelinating CNS diseases, and tested sera from 66 patients (pattern I n = 12; II n = 29; III n = 25, including 8 with Baló's), healthy controls, patients with Sjögren's syndrome and stroke patients. Cell-based assays were performed for aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP4 antibody detection. No single peptide showed differential binding among study cohorts. Because antibodies can react with different peptides from one protein, we also analyzed groups of peptides. Patients with pattern II showed significantly higher reactivities to Nogo-A peptides as compared to patterns I (p = 0.02) and III (p = 0.02). Pattern III patients showed higher reactivities to AQP1 (compared to pattern I p = 0.002, pattern II p = 0.001) and varicella zoster virus (VZV, compared to pattern II p = 0.05). In patients with Baló's, AQP1 reactivity was also significantly higher compared to patients without Baló's (p = 0.04), and the former revealed distinct antibody signatures. Histologically, Baló's patients showed loss of AQP1 and AQP4 in demyelinating lesions, but no antibodies binding conformational AQP1 or AQP4 were detected. In summary, higher reactivities to Nogo-A peptides in pattern II patients could be relevant for enhanced axonal repair and remyelination. Higher reactivities to AQP1 peptides in pattern III patients and its subgroup of Baló's patients possibly reflect astrocytic damage. Finally, latent VZV infection may cause peripheral immune activation.

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“…VZV reactivation is a recognized complication of the immunosuppressive therapies used in MS treatment, in particular Fingolomid (a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator that acts by sequestering lymphocytes in lymph nodes) [40]. A history of VZV and an increased antibody response to it is more common in MS patients than the general population [40,41]. VZV is also frequently detected during the active disease phases of MS [42].…”

Section: Alphaherpesviruses (Vzv Hsv-1 and 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Tarlinton

Martynova

Rizvanov

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including environmental, genetic and gender components. However, underlying infectious triggers to the disease are also suspected. There is an increasing abundance of evidence supporting a viral etiology to MS, including the efficacy of interferon therapy and over-detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids when compared with healthy patients. Several viruses have been proposed as potential triggering agents, including Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, varicella–zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, John Cunningham virus and human endogenous retroviruses. These viruses are all near ubiquitous and have a high prevalence in adult populations (or in the case of the retroviruses are actually part of the genome). They can establish lifelong infections with periods of reactivation, which may be linked to the relapsing nature of MS. In this review, the evidence for a role for viral infection in MS will be discussed with an emphasis on immune system activation related to MS disease pathogenesis.

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Prevalence of a history of prior varicella/herpes zoster infection in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence of seropositivity of selected Herpesviruses in patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the North of Jordan

Prevalence of seropositivity of selected Herpesviruses in patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the North of Jordan

Antibody signatures in patients with histopathologically defined multiple sclerosis patterns

Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

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