Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence ratio in the analysis of cross sectional data: what is to be done?

Thompson, Mary Lou; Myers, Jonathan E.; Kriebel, David

doi:10.1136/oem.55.4.272

Cited by 435 publications

(378 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We used univariate logistic regression to calculate unadjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and separate multivariate logistic regression models to calculate adjusted PRs [30]. Because race/ ethnicity (four categories: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic other), education (two categories: high school or less, more than a high school), annual household income (five categories: <$15,000, $15,000-$24,999, $25,000-$34,999, $35,000-$49,999, ≥$50,000), current employment status (two categories: employed, unemployed), and health insurance status (two categories: yes, no) were all significantly associated with work-related asthma and at least one of the health-related quality of life indicators; these independent variables were simultaneously included in the multivariate logistic regression models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-related quality of life among adults with work-related asthma in the United States

2012

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Purpose-The objective of this study was to examine health-related quality of life among adults with work-related asthma. Methods-We analyzed 2006-2009 Behavioral RiskFactor Surveillance System Asthma Callback Survey data for ever-employed adults with current asthma from 38 states and District of Columbia. Individuals with work-related asthma had been told by a doctor or other health professional that their asthma was related to any job they ever had. Health-related quality of life indicators included poor self-rated health, impaired physical health, impaired mental health, and activity limitation. We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, employment, and health insurance.Results-Of ever-employed adults with current asthma, an estimated 9.0 % had work-related asthma, 26.9 % had poor self-rated health, 20.6 % had impaired physical health, 18.2 % had impaired mental health, and 10.2 % had activity limitation. Individuals with work-related asthma were significantly more likely than those with non-work-related asthma to have poor self-rated health [PR, 1.45; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.31-1.60], impaired physical health (PR, 1.60; 95 % CI, 1.42-1.80), impaired mental health (PR, 1.55; 95 % CI, 1.34-1.80), and activity limitation (PR, 2.16; 95 % CI, 1.81-2.56).Conclusions-Future research should examine opportunities to improve health-related quality of life among individuals with work-related asthma.G. E. Knoeller ipb8@cdc.gov. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-related quality of life among adults with work-related asthma in the United States

2012

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“…Simple log‐binomial models were fitted to estimate the unadjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) associated with each independent variable. The PR was used in this analysis as a measure of association because it is considered more conservative, consistent, and appropriate for cross‐sectional studies compared to the prevalence odds ratio 23, 24. Variables were entered into the multivariate log‐binomial model if the variables were known or hypothesized risk factors for H. pylori , and the P values associated with their regression coefficients were <.05 25.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Hispanics living in Puerto Rico: A population‐based study

et al. 2017

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Background Helicobacter pylori is an important etiologic factor for peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, one of the top ten leading causes of cancer death in Puerto Rico. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infections in this population was previously unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of H. pylori and its associated risk factors in Puerto Rico.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was designed using an existing population‐based biorepository. Seropositivity was determined using the Premier™ H. pylori immunoassay. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence was estimated with 95% confidence using marginal standardization following logistic regression. To assess the risk factors associated with H. pylori seropositivity, a multivariable log‐binomial model was fitted to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsA total of 528 population‐based serum samples were analyzed. The mean age of the study population was 41 ± 12 years, of whom 55.3% were females. The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori was 33.0% (95% CI = 28.3%‐38.1%). Increasing age and having <12 years of education were significantly (P < .05) associated with H. pylori seropositivity in the multivariable model; however, residing in counties with low population density reached marginal significance (P = .085).ConclusionsWe report that H. pylori infection is common among Hispanics living in Puerto Rico. The H. pylori seroprevalence observed in Puerto Rico is similar to the seroprevalence reported in the overall population of the United States. The association between H. pylori seroprevalence and the risk factors analyzed offers insight into the epidemiology of gastric cancer in Puerto Rico and warrants further investigation.

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“…Although prevalence odds ratios for outcomes with high prevalence will be farther from the null than prevalence risk ratios, we used odds ratios as a primary analysis measures in order to control for confounders. Prevalence odds ratios are considered a valid way to present prevalence data, although the prevalence odds ratio can be difficult to interpret [20][21][22]. Linear tests for trend were done by including the categorical variable as a continuous variable in the logistic regression analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of cancer screening among American Indian and Alaska native people: the EARTH study

Schumacher

Slattery

Lanier

et al. 2008

Cancer Causes Control

105

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Purpose-The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence rates for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening among American Indian and Alaska Native people living in Alaska and in the Southwest US, and to investigate predictive factors associated with receiving each of the cancer screening tests. Methods-We used the Education and Research Towards Health (EARTH)Study to measure selfreported cancer screening prevalence rates among 11,358 study participants enrolled in [2004][2005][2006][2007]. We used prevalence odds ratios to examine demographic, lifestyle and medical factors associated with receiving age-and sex-appropriate cancer screening tests.Results-The prevalence rates of all the screening tests were higher in Alaska than in the Southwest. Pap test in the past 3 years was reported by 75.1% of women in Alaska and 64.6% of women in the Southwest. Mammography in the past 2 years was reported by 64.6% of women aged 40 years and older in Alaska and 44.0% of those in the Southwest. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy in the past 5 years was reported by 41.1% of study participants aged 50 years and older in Alaska and by 11.7% of those in the Southwest US. Multivariate analysis found that location (Alaska versus the Southwest), higher educational status, income and the presence of one or more chronic medical condition predicted each of the three screening tests. Additional predictors of Pap test were age (women aged 25-39 years more likely to be screened than older or younger women), marital status (ever married more likely to be screened), and language spoken at home (speakers of American Indian Alaska Native language only less likely to be screened). Additional predictors of mammography were age (women aged 50 years and older were more likely to be screened than those aged 40-49 years), positive family history of breast cancer, use of smokeless tobacco (never users more likely to be screened), and urban/rural residency (urban residents more likely to be screened). Additional predictors of colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy were age (men and women aged 60 years and older slightly more likely to be screened than those aged 50-59 years), family history of any cancer, family history of colorectal cancer, former smoking, language spoken at home (speakers of American Indian Alaska Native language less likely to be screened), and urban/rural residence (urban residents more likely to be screened).

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Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence ratio in the analysis of cross sectional data: what is to be done?

Cited by 435 publications

References 20 publications

Health-related quality of life among adults with work-related asthma in the United States

Health-related quality of life among adults with work-related asthma in the United States

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Hispanics living in Puerto Rico: A population‐based study

Prevalence and predictors of cancer screening among American Indian and Alaska native people: the EARTH study

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