Prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of human immunodeficiency virus among community and replacement first‐time blood donors in São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

HIV incidence and residual transfusion risk estimates are approximately 10 times higher in Brazil FT donors compared to US and European FT donors. Community FT donors had higher HIV prevalence than replacement FT donors. The yield of p24 antigen or RNA screening will be low in Brazilian donors, but substantially higher than in US donors.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Motivations Among Blood Donors in São Paulo, Brazil

“…To achieve this goal is necessary to recruit low risk and frequent blood donors. Despite overall reductions in transmissible disease risk in Brazil due to laboratory testing (Barreto et al 2005;Goncalez et al 2003), safe blood donor recruitment remains complex and challenging. Research to understand motivations for blood donation has the potential to yield better qualified blood donors, increasing the blood supply and reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted disease (Glynn et al 2000;Likatavicius et al 2007;Niederhauser et al 2005;Soldan et al 2003;Soldan et al 2005).…”

“…In the past 3 years the proportion of donations from volunteer donors has stabilized at approximately 60% and the proportion of donations by repeat donors has increased from 22 to 48% (Goncalez et al 2003). Contrary to expectation, first-time donor HIV prevalence has been consistently higher among volunteer than among replacement donors (Barreto et al 2005). The finding raises the question of why volunteer donors at risk for HIV choose to donate blood.…”

“…Despite substantial changes in the blood donor base that may considerably affect donor motivation, only a few unpublished studies have examined Brazilian blood donor motivations (ANVISA 2005;Chen 2001;Ludwig 2001). Data collected by the Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo (FPS/HSP) show trends in blood donor profiles and the impact of these changes on transfusion safety (Barreto et al 2005;Goncalez et al 2003). Since 1998, there has been an increase in the absolute number and proportion of donations originating from persons recruited directly from the community at large (volunteer donors) as compared to those recruited among the family and friends of patients in need of blood (replacement donors).…”

Changes in the prevalence, incidence and residual risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus in Southern Brazilian blood donors since the implementation of NAT screening

“…The quantifi cation of residual risk is an important part of blood safety policies worldwide 2 . In Brazil, the methodology of residual risk estimation had been disseminated in the Portuguese language by the end of the 1990s 3,4 and has been sporadically applied in the country since then 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10] . The results of these studies showed high prevalence, incidence and residual risk in Brazil compared with the United States of America (USA), Europe, Japan and Australia, thus reinforcing the need to monitor these parameters in a systematic way and to use them to evaluate the effectiveness of transfusion safety measures.…”

Seroprevalency of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in First-Time Volunteer and Replacement Donors in Tunisia

“…Nevertheless, a Brazilian study showed that this is not always the case: VD motivation may be looking for free serological tests screenings [9]. In Brazil, HIV seroprevalency was significantly higher in VD [10] and it has been shown that the cause would be seeking for free HIV testing with faster results [9]. It should be noted that in Tunisia there is a center for free and anonymous HIV screening; however its role in limiting this behavior in blood donors still needs to be evaluated.…”