Prevalence, incidence, and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in rural South Africa

Rollins, Nigel; Dedicoat, Martin; Danaviah, Sivapragashini; Page, Taryn; Bishop, Karen; Kleinschmidt, Immo; Coovadia, Hoosen M.; Cassol, Sharon

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09599-5

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…If HIV-specific antibodies were detected, the same dried blood spot sample was then tested for HIV DNA using a commercial PCR-based assay (HIV-1 DNA Amplicor version 1.5, Roche Diagnostics, Pleasanton, United States of America). 10 HIV testing was anonymous: enrolled infants were each assigned a unique study number at enrolment, no identifying information was collected, and HIV results were added to the database after completion of the study. Linked non-anonymous HIV counselling and testing were, however, provided for the child of any caregiver who wished to receive the results of his or her child's HIV test.…”

Section: Hiv Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of paediatric HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: large-scale assessment of interventions for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

Horwood

Vermaak

Butler

et al. 2012

Bull World Health Org

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Section: Hiv Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of paediatric HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: large-scale assessment of interventions for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

Horwood

Vermaak

Butler

et al. 2012

Bull World Health Org

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“…Furthermore extensive studies proved that concerns about the presence of haem in the eluate and adverse storage, for example in tropical conditions, causing false reactions were unfounded 3,17,25 . DBS has been used in large scale HIV surveillance studies for over a decade 16,26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 antibodies detection in dried whole blood spots (dbs) samples

Castro

Borges

Souza

et al. 2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYHuman Immunodeficiency Vírus Type 1 and 2 antibodies detection was performed in 457 dried whole blood spots samples (S&S 903). Q-Preven HIV 1+2 was the screening test used. The results were compared with the gold standard serum tests by ELISA (Cobas Core e Axsym HIV1/2 gO) and imunofluorescence was the definitive confirmatory test.The samples were obtained from the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Porto Alegre, RS -Brazil, through whole blood transfer to filter paper card and sent to Caxias do Sul, RS -Brazil where the tests were performed.The dried whole blood spot stability was evaluated with two different panels. The first one was composed of five negative and five positive samples stored at room temperature, 4 °C, -20 °C and -70 °C, while the second was composed of two negative and three positive samples stored at 37 °C (humidity <50%). Each sample was screened every week for six weeks. These measurement results didn't show variation during the study period.The detected sensibility was 100%, specificity was 99.6%, the positive predictive value was 99.5% and negative predictive values were 100%. The results demonstrated high performance characteristics, opening a new perspective of dried whole blood spot utilization in HIV screening diagnosis.

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“…DBS samples serve as suitable practical samples for quality EID in multiple countries (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). To help Ukraine expand its EID services and to increase infants' and children's access to EID in resource-limited settings or remote areas, the performance of Ukraine's EID test, i.e., the AmpliSens assay, as well as the Roche CAP/CTM Qual and Abbott Qualitative assays, was evaluated by using DBS samples from HIV-exposed Ukrainian infants or children; those results were compared with the performance of Ukrainian EID testing using venous whole-blood samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their greater stability at ambient temperature, DBS samples can be transported by postal mail to centralized laboratories for testing and, if packaged correctly, do not raise biosafety concerns regarding the health of postal workers (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Published data indicate that DBS samples are suitable and practical for quality EID and have aided service expansion in sub-Saharan Africa (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). In our study, for the first time, the performances of the AmpliSens DNA PCR assay and two commercially of Science, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia) instruction manual (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of an Early Infant Diagnostic Test, AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT, Using Dried Blood Spots Collected from Children Born to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers in Ukraine

et al. 2015

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U kraine experienced the most severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Europe before prevention measures began to slow transmission (1-3). In 2013, approximately 210,000 persons were living with HIV, and the HIV prevalence was 0.8% among adults 15 to 49 years of age and women at childbirth (1-3). HIV infections in Ukraine mainly are the result of injection drug use (4). However, heterosexual HIV transmission in Ukraine is increasing (4). Because of women's biological and social vulnerability (e.g., women engaging in commercial sex work to provide funds for drugs for their male partners), women are more prone to infection (4, 5). Women now represent 45% of all adults living with HIV in Ukraine, and the majority of those women are of reproductive age (4, 5). In 2001, the Ukrainian government implemented a national program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Since then, the rate of mother-tochild transmission has decreased from 21% to 3.7% (6), as of 2011. Although the numbers of HIV-infected pregnant women have plateaued, approximately 4,000 HIV-exposed children are born each year (1, 4).In order for HIV-infected children to receive antiretroviral treatment as early as possible, accurate accessible early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV is crucial. The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommends using virological tests for EID, because infants and children of HIV-positive mothers acquire antibodies transplacentally and the antibodies can persist in the infants for up to 18 months after birth (7). Ukraine has had insufficient capacity for full coverage with EID virological methods. Since 2006, Ukrainian laboratories have been using a DNAbased PCR test, the AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT PCR assay (InterLabService, Moscow, Russia), for EID using infants' venous whole blood (8). Using venous whole blood for EID presents challenges in resource-limited settings and remote areas, because wholeblood samples require cold-chain transportation and the conditions for sample storage and processing are more stringent. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples offer multiple advantages for EID, because the samples can be collected easily by heel prick or finger stick and can be stored at ambient temperature for long periods (9-15). Because of their greater stability at ambient temperature, DBS samples can be transported by postal mail to centralized laboratories for testing and, if packaged correctly, do not raise biosafety concerns regarding the health of postal workers (9-15). Published data indicate that DBS samples are suitable and practical for quality EID and have aided service expansion in sub-Saharan Africa (16-21). In our study, for the first time, the performances of the AmpliSens DNA PCR assay and two commercially Performance of an early infant diagnostic test, AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT, using dried blood spots collected from children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers in Ukraine.

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Prevalence, incidence, and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in rural South Africa

Cited by 50 publications

References 4 publications

Elimination of paediatric HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: large-scale assessment of interventions for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

Elimination of paediatric HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: large-scale assessment of interventions for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

Evaluation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 antibodies detection in dried whole blood spots (dbs) samples

Performance of an Early Infant Diagnostic Test, AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT, Using Dried Blood Spots Collected from Children Born to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers in Ukraine

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