Prevalence, impact and cultural context of psychotic experiences among ethnic minority youth

Adriaanse, Marcia; Domburgh, Lieke van; Hoek, Hans W.; Süsser, Ezra; Doreleijers, Theo A. H.; Veling, Wim

doi:10.1017/s0033291714001779

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…17 In follow-up analyses, African American and Hispanic participants had higher PQ-BC scores than did white participants. This finding is in line with extant research showing elevated rates of PLEs in nonwhite participants, 15,16 perhaps indicating that factors related to greater PLEs in nonwhite participants in adulthood (ie, discrimination, lower income to needs) (eResults in the Supplement) 19,20,60 may already be exerting an influence on PLEs in childhood. Although the present study showed that the PQ-BC was associated with other PLE measures, the associations varied in strength.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Research exploring the characteristics of PLEs has indicated that rates can vary within demographic strata, such as race/ethnicity and sex. [15][16][17][18] This work often finds higher rates of PLEs in racial/ethnic minorities. 19,20 Consensus regarding sex differences in PLEs is lacking, with some evidence of higher levels of PLEs in males 16 and females, 21 as well as lack of sex differences.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychoticlike Experiences in Childhood

et al. 2018

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These results provide support for the construct validity and demonstrate adequate psychometric properties of a self-report instrument designed to measure childhood PLEs, providing evidence that the PQ-BC may be a useful measure of early risk for psychotic disorders. Furthermore, these data suggest that PLEs at school age are associated with many of the same familial, cognitive, and emotional factors associated with psychotic symptoms in older populations, consistent with the dimensionality of psychosis across the lifespan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychoticlike Experiences in Childhood

et al. 2018

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“…If this is so, in populations with high rates of disorder, we would also expect low‐level psychotic experiences to be more common (see Figure ). There are now several studies suggesting that this is indeed the case.…”

Section: Variations By Ethnic Group: Prevalence Of Psychotic Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Migration, ethnicity and psychoses: evidence, models and future directions

2019

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There is a large body of research reporting high rates of psychotic disorders among many migrant and minority ethnic groups, particularly in Northern Europe. In the context of increasing migration and consequent cultural diversity in many places worldwide, these findings are a major social and public health concern. In this paper, we take stock of the current state of the art, reviewing evidence on variations in rates of psychoses and putative explanations, including relevant theories and models. We discuss in particular: a) the wide variation in reported rates of psychotic disorders by ethnic group, and b) the evidence implicating social risks to explain this variation, at ecological and individual levels. We go on to set out our proposed socio-developmental model, that posits greater exposure to systemic social risks over the life course, particularly those involving threat, hostility and violence, to explain high rates of psychoses in some migrant and minority ethnic groups. Based on this analysis, the challenge of addressing this social and public health issue needs to be met at multiple levels, including social policy, community initiatives, and mental health service reform.

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“…Laurens et al (2008) found that African-Caribbean children in the U.K. were more likely than White British children to report any psychosis-like experience. Adriaanse et al (2015) reported that Moroccan, Turkish, and other minority youths in The Netherlands were more likely to have higher impact psychotic experiences compared to Dutch youths. We were unable to locate studies in youth that have investigated differences by symptom type to assess overlap with mania.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are thought to reflect underlying continua (Angst, 2007a; van Os et al, 2009), and studies from both the U.S. and abroad indicate that there may be racial-ethnic disparities in psychosis at the subthreshold level both among adults (Cohen and Marino, 2013; Morgan et al, 2009; Scott et al, 2006) and among children and adolescents (Adriaanse et al, 2015; Calkins et al, 2014; Laurens et al, 2008; Vanheusden et al, 2008; Wigman et al, 2011). In the only U.S.-based study of young people, Calkins et al (2014) found that psychosis spectrum was more common among non-white than white youths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial-ethnic disparities in empirically-derived subtypes of subclinical psychosis among a U.S. sample of youths

Paksarian

Merikangas

Calkins

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Research

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Introduction Racial-ethnic minority status is a consistent risk factor for schizophrenia, with associations extending to bipolar disorder and subthreshold psychotic experiences. However, few epidemiologic studies have been conducted in the U.S., and evidence is inconsistent. Furthermore, no U.S. studies of youths have directly investigated the phenomenological overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to do so at the subthreshold level in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Methods Participants included 6533 individuals, age 11–21 years, from a community healthcare network. Latent class analysis was used to form subtypes of sub-psychosis based on 12 attenuated positive items and 7 mania items without duration criteria. Associations between race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, “other”) and sub-psychosis subtype were estimated using latent class regression. Results Four classes were identified: Sub-positive Only (13.4%), Mania Only (15.5%), Both (9.1%), and Neither (62.0%). Minority participants were generally more likely than non-Hispanic whites to belong to one of the three sub-psychosis classes compared to the Neither class. Associations for Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks remained after adjustment for age, sex, and maternal education, and restriction to participants without significant physical health conditions. Racial-ethnic disparities were greater in magnitude for the two classes characterized by sub-positive symptoms, Sub-positive Only and Both, than for the Mania Only class. This pattern was statistically significant among non-Hispanic blacks. Conclusions We found evidence for racial-ethnic disparities in empirically-derived subtypes of subthreshold psychosis, broadly defined, among U.S. youths. Further research is needed to determine whether these disparities persist to the clinical disorder level in adulthood.

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Prevalence, impact and cultural context of psychotic experiences among ethnic minority youth

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychoticlike Experiences in Childhood

Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychoticlike Experiences in Childhood

Migration, ethnicity and psychoses: evidence, models and future directions

Racial-ethnic disparities in empirically-derived subtypes of subclinical psychosis among a U.S. sample of youths

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