Prevalence, healthcare resource utilization and overall burden of fungal meningitis in the United States

Charalambous, Lefko T; Premji, Alykhan; Tybout, Caroline; Hunt, Anastasia; Cutshaw, Drew; Elsamadicy, Aladine A.; Yang, Sheng; Xie, Jichun; Giamberardino, Charles; Pagadala, Promila; Perfect, John R.; Lad, Shivanand P.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000656

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For those patients receiving any treatment, the 1-year mortality rate from CM was 70% in low-income countries, 30% in Europe, and 20% in the United States ( 2 ). The morbidity and long-term health care costs (5 years postinfection) remain substantial ( 9 ). These data highlight several critical issues associated with CM treatment: (i) the need for additional therapies that can be used alone or in combination to reduce mortality rates, (ii) the need for a better global distribution of effective therapies, especially to resource-poor regions, (iii) the need for safer therapeutic options that are better tolerated, and (iv) ease-of-use considerations, such as all-oral options, especially where long-term maintenance therapy is required ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus

Shaw

Schell

Covel

et al. 2018

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus

Shaw

Schell

Covel

et al. 2018

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…AIDS was the most common underlying condition in eight patients, followed by autoimmune disorders (3), hematologic disorders (2), diabetes mellitus (DM) (1), and liver cirrhosis (1). Headache was the most common clinical presentation in 23 patients, followed by fever (19), altered consciousness (8), seizure (7), visual disturbance (7), and hearing impairment (3). Table 1 also shows comparisons between the young and non-young adult groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) caused by Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans infection is a serious infectious disease of the central nervous system (CNS) [1,2]. CM is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, and as with other CNS fungal infections, Therefore, CM has a severe economic impact on healthcare systems [2,3]. A paediatric study of CM from China reported that the majority of patients were apparently normal, and only 23.5% had identifiable underlying conditions [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcal meningitis in young adults: clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes

Hsu

Lien

Lee

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: The clinical characteristics of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in young adults (≤ 40 years old) have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to delineate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and therapeutic outcomes of young adults with CM, and compare them with older adults (> 40 years old) with CM. Methods: Ninety-nine adult patients with CM (64 men, 35 women) were enrolled from 2002-2016, of whom 26 were ≤ 40 years old (young adult group) and 73 were > 40 years old (non-young adult group). The clinical characteristics, laboratory data and therapeutic outcomes of these two groups were compared. The prognostic factors of the young adult CM patients were analyzed, and the clinical characteristics and laboratory data between the young adult CM patients with and without acquired immune-compromised syndrome (AIDS) were compared. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the outcomes of the survivors at the time of discharge and at 1 year of follow-up. Results: The young adult CM patients had a significantly higher incidence of headache as the clinical presentation. There were no significant clinical differences between the young adult CM patients with and without AIDS. There were no significant prognostic factors in the young adult CM patients, but the young adult survivors had better outcomes (mRS score 0-2) than the non-young adult group. Conclusion: The young adult CM patients had a higher incidence of headache as the clinical presentation, and the young adult CM survivors had better clinical outcomes.

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“…In contrast to cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis, HIV/AIDS does not seem to be as strong of a predictor for Coccidioides spp. dissemination to the brain [168,179]. Underlying genetic or hormonal factors appear to be more significant susceptibility markers for coccidioidal meningitis.…”

Section: Coccidioidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Underlying genetic or hormonal factors appear to be more significant susceptibility markers for coccidioidal meningitis. Diabetes [180], pregnancy [181,182], and certain ethnicities (African and Filipino descent) [183,184] all correlate with increased risk for CNS infection [137,179]. Extrapulmonary dissemination occurs in ~30% of transplant recipients with coccidioidomycosis, making it a far more frequent occurrence than in the general population [169][170][171].…”

Section: Coccidioidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Environmental Fungi Cause a Range of Clinical Outcomes in Susceptible Hosts

Denham

Wambaugh

Brown

2019

Journal of Molecular Biology

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Life-threatening infections in immunocompetent individuals have been documented for all the fungi we discuss. However, the majority of life-threatening infections typically present in individuals with particular immunocompromising risk factors [4]. Thus, the outcome of infection is determined by a constellation of fungal traits and host susceptibilities (Table 1). In this review, we discuss host and fungal factors that contribute to infectivity, persistence within the host, and progression to life-threatening infections for five groups of fungi: Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, and Coccidioides spp. These common environmental fungi do not require an infectious life cycle for their survival. They are not transmissible between humans, nor are humans considered a particularly suitable niche for commensalism, such as it is for certain Candida spp. [10]. We do not discuss Candida spp., which are addressed elsewhere in this issue. Aspergillus spp. and Cryptococcus spp. are considered some of the more cosmopolitan fungal species. Due to their large geographical range, respiratory exposure to these fungi is commonplace [11]. Aspergillus spp. commonly cause both asymptomatic and symptomatic 2

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Prevalence, healthcare resource utilization and overall burden of fungal meningitis in the United States

Cited by 42 publications

References 63 publications

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus

Cryptococcal meningitis in young adults: clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes

How Environmental Fungi Cause a Range of Clinical Outcomes in Susceptible Hosts

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