Prevalence, healthcare costs and management of non-communicable diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review

Gonah, Laston; Moodley, Indres; Hlongwana, Khumbulani

doi:10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2474

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The main finding and key message of our study is the very high prevalence of HTN in PLWH despite their young age (almost 20%), of whom almost half are unaware of their condition. The prevalence of 17.5% in our population is comparable to those reported in Nigeria 29 , Zimbabwe 30 , South Africa 31 Zambia 32 and Tanzania 33 , but lower than those reported in Uganda 34 , Cameroon 35 , Brazil 36 , China 17 , 18 Ugandan rural study 37 and Argentina 38 . Similarly, our findings are higher than those reported in Ethiopia 16,39,40 and Kenya 41 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Harimenshi

Niyongabo

Preux

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Currently, the life expectancy of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the general population are similar. Hypertension is a major public health issue in Africa and is largely underdiagnosed. Most HIV-infected individuals, especially those on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) have hypertension. Our project aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors amongst HIV-infected adults treated by ART in Burundi. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected subjects over the age of 20, managed in five healthcare centers for people living with HIV (PLWH). The World Health Organization STEPWISE survey and anthropometric measurements were employed. Blood pressure was measured according to the ESC 2018 recommendations. 1 250 HIV-infected patients aged between 35.4 and 50.2 years were included (18.4% men). The prevalence of hypertension was 17.4% (95% CI 13.2–22.1). Approximately 47.25% of HIV patients with hypertension were previously undiagnosed. Other factors were associated with HTN, such as being overweight (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.46–5.62), obesity (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.27–5.55), longer duration of HIV infection: ≥ 10 years (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.14–3.20), diabetes (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.37–3.32) and age (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.09–1.14). Despite their young age, almost 20% of HIV-ART treated patients had hypertension, 50% of these were undiagnosed. Blood pressure monitoring is crucial in these patients, especially those identified as high-risk, with prompt life and disability-saving interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Harimenshi

Niyongabo

Preux

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Twenty-eight articles in the review identified barriers to diagnosing NCDs (hypertension and diabetes). 14 , 15 , 20 , 35 – 61 The included studies reported barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing depression among PLWH. 42 , 50 , 62 – 73 Two studies reported both NCDs and depression.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies from Zambia, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe reported the limited capacity of ART clinics and lack of health system readiness for NCD services. 36 , 56 , 58 …”

Section: Physical Opportunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping evidence on barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries in Africa: A scoping review

Badacho,

Woltamo,

Demissie

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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Objectives: To map the evidence on the barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases are increasing among people living with HIV. Thus, strengthened and sustained diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases through integrated noncommunicable diseases and HIV care is needed to improve patient outcomes. However, there is paucity of evidence on the barriers and facilitators diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: The Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework was used. A comprehensive systematic search of academic databases (MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, APA PsycInfo, CAB, and Health Source/Nursing) was performed via EBSCO search and PubMed. The articles were reviewed independently by three reviewers. The results were structured using Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior model and Theoretical Domains Framework. Results: A total of 152 articles were retrieved for full-text review. Forty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. The identified barriers were relevant to all the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior constructs and 14 Theoretical Domains Framework domains. A lack of knowledge and awareness of noncommunicable diseases, fear of stigma, financial problems and out-of-pocket payments were the most cited patient-level barriers. Healthcare providers (knowledge and awareness gaps, skill and competence deficiencies, unwillingness, burnout, low motivation, and apathy) were frequently cited. Lack of equipment, noncommunicable disease medications and supply chain challenges, lack of integrated noncommunicable disease and HIV care, and shortage of trained healthcare providers were identified as health-system-level barriers. Conclusion: This scoping review is the first to identify barriers and facilitators using a theoretical framework. The most cited barriers include a lack of integrated HIV and noncommunicable disease care, equipment and logistics chain challenges for noncommunicable diseases, patients’ and healthcare providers’ lack of knowledge and awareness of noncommunicable diseases, and healthcare provider’s skill and competency deficiencies. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare providers and health systems.

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“…Research indicates that in older PLHIV, the burden of multimorbidity and polypharmacy is more linked to the duration of HIV infection than to advanced age itself. 8 The non-communicable comorbidities in older PLHIV include metabolic disordershypertension and hyperlipidemia, 9,10 cardiovascular diseases, 11,12 anemia, 10 kidney disease, 13 and age-related conditions, 14 such as cognitive impairment, [15][16][17][18] frailty, [18][19][20] bone disease, 21 multimorbidity 8,10,[22][23][24][25][26] and polypharmacy, 7,10,[26][27][28][29] but are not limited to those listed. Furthermore, studies have shown that in older patients, mental health issues often coexist with physical medical conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of multimorbidity and polypharmacy in older people living with HIV

Yang,

Teh,

Chua

et al. 2023

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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The availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the care of people living with HIV (PLHIV). As a result, PLHIV now have a life expectancy comparable with that of the general population. PLHIV are increasingly confronted with age‐related comorbidities and geriatric syndromes, including frailty and polypharmacy, which occur at a higher prevalence and set in at an earlier age compared with their uninfected counterparts. The underlying pathophysiology for multimorbidity and polypharmacy are multifactorial, multidimensional and complex. Therefore, regular review and optimization of risk factors to maintain physical function, social and psychological health is of utmost importance. With an ever‐growing population of older PLHIV, there is a pressing need to provide holistic care to address these emerging issues. Accelerated aging observed in PLHIV suggests that early involvement of a multidisciplinary team, including geriatricians, and implementation of integrated models of care can potentially improve the care of older PLHIV, who are at increased risk of frailty and complex multimorbidity. This article reviews the current global situation, discusses the challenges involved and suggests approaches to deliver comprehensive care for older PLHIV. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; ••: ••–••.

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Prevalence, healthcare costs and management of non-communicable diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Mapping evidence on barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries in Africa: A scoping review

An overview of multimorbidity and polypharmacy in older people living with HIV

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