Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk from Greek traditional ovine farms

Ζdragas, Αntonios; Papadopoulos, T.; Mitsopoulos, Ioannis; Samouris, Georgios; Vafeas, G.; Boukouvala, Evridiki; Loukia, Ekateriniadou; Kyriaki, Mazaraki; Alexopoulos, Athanasios; Lagka, Vasiliki

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.02.009

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In our study, genetic typing revealed that strains isolated from the different sampling points (farms, milk tanks, and market points) belonged to the same sequence type (ST8), spa type (t024), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pulsotype, suggesting that strains circulating at farms may be found at the end of the dairy chain, but it is difficult to confirm the origin of these strains because the nasal carriage of animals and farmers, which constitute the main source of S. aureus at the farm level, were not checked. Genetic similarity among the S. aureus isolates collected in a larger geographical region has also been observed in studies performed on bulk milk from cows, sheep, and goats (Vautor et al, 2003(Vautor et al, , 2009Mørk et al, 2005;Haran et al, 2012;Antonios et al, 2015;McMillan et al, 2016;Mehli et al, 2017). Staphylococcus aureus is known to cause contagious mastitis (Kümmel et al, 2016), and sharing of strains within and between herds has been observed for dairy cows and sheep, even over long distances, suggesting the existence of special properties in the dominant strains, including special virulenceassociated genes (Vautor et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST8 in raw milk and traditional dairy products in the Tizi Ouzou area of Algeria

Titouche

Hakem

Houali

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of food-borne illness worldwide. Raw milk and dairy products are often contaminated with enterotoxigenic strains of this bacterium. Some of these strains carry antimicrobial resistance, leading to a potential risk for consumers. The aim of this study was to characterize S. aureus strains circulating in raw milk and traditional dairy products for carriage of staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) genes and antimicrobial resistance. Overall, 62 out of 270 samples (23%) were contaminated with S. aureus, and 69 S. aureus strains were identified. We studied the enterotoxin genes using 2 multiplex PCR targeting 11 se genes. Seventeen (24.6%) isolates carried one or more genes encoding for staphylococcal enterotoxins. The most commonly detected se genes were seb and sep, followed by seh, sea, and see. Using the disk diffusion method, we found that resistance to penicillin G and tetracycline was the most common. Eleven isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carried the mecA gene. All MRSA isolates belonged to the same spa type (t024) and sequence type (ST8), and carried the seb and sep enterotoxin genes. However, none of them carried the Panton Valentine leukocidin gene (lukF/S-PV). The presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains, including MRSA, in raw milk and dairy products, raises a serious public health concern, because these strains may cause food poisoning outbreaks, be disseminated to the population, or both.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST8 in raw milk and traditional dairy products in the Tizi Ouzou area of Algeria

Titouche

Hakem

Houali

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…MRSA strains are major health threat and were isolated from infected patients, livestock, aquatic products, different environmental sources including wastewater [39,68,69]. The predominant target gene to be screened to detect methicillin resistance is mecA, however, numerous studies have reported S. aureus isolates that exhibited phenotypic resistance to methicillin but were found to be negative for the mecA gene [70,71,72]. Similarly, in the current study, mecA was not detected in the tested isolates and therefore, the present study represents the first report on the detection of mecC -positive LA-MRSA in South Africa and the African continent at the time of this report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Virulence, Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2019

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens of humans and animals. Livestock production contributes a significant proportion to the South African Gross Domestic Product. Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence, virulence, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in livestock-associated S. aureus isolated from South African livestock production systems. Microbial phenotypic methods were used to detect the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. Furthermore, molecular DNA based methods were used to genetically determine virulence as well as antibiotic and heavy metal resistance determinants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed 217 out of 403 (53.8%) isolates to be S. aureus. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was conducted to evaluate antibiotic resistance and 90.8% of S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to at least three antibiotics, and therefore, classified as multidrug resistant. Of the antibiotics tested, 98% of the isolates demonstrated resistance towards penicillin G. High resistance was shown against different heavy metals, with 90% (196/217), 88% (192/217), 86% (188/217) and 84% (183/217) of the isolates resistant to 1500 µg/mL concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) respectively. A total of 10 antimicrobial resistance and virulence genetic determinants were screened for all livestock associated S. aureus isolates. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified, by the presence of mecC, in 27% of the isolates with a significant relationship (p < 0.001)) with the host animal. This is the first report of mecC positive LA-MRSA in South Africa and the African continent. The gene for tetracycline resistance (tetK) was the most frequently detected of the screened genes with an overall prevalence of 35% and the highest prevalence percentage was observed for goats (56.76%) followed by avian species (chicken, duck and wild birds) (42.5%). Virulence-associated genes were observed across all animal host species. The study reports the presence of luks/pv, a gene encoding the PVL toxin previously described to be a marker for community acquired-MRSA, suggesting the crossing of species between human and livestock. The high prevalence of S. aureus from the livestock indicates a major food security and healthcare threat. This threat is further compounded by the virulence of the pathogen, which causes numerous clinical manifestations. The phenomenon of co-selection is observed in this study as isolates exhibited resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals. Further, all the screened antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes did not correspond with the phenotypic resistance.

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“…The genomic DNA of S. aureus isolates from the retail pork samples was extracted with a TIANamp Bacterial DNA extraction kit (Tiangen, Beijing, China). The presence of the mecA and mecC genes was tested by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using primers and conditions as previously reported ( Zdragas et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is now regarded as a zoonotic agent. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ST398 is a livestock-associated bacterium that is most prevalent in China, but there are currently no data available for Shandong. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characterization of MSSA ST398 from retail pork and bulk tank milk (BTM) in Shandong. A total of 67 S. aureus isolates were collected from retail pork between November 2017 and June 2018. Among the isolates, high antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for penicillin (97.0%), and 92.5% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Eight sequence types (STs) were identified in the retail pork isolates, and the predominant type was ST15 (n=26), which was followed by ST398 (n=14). Staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing identified spa types t034 and t1255 in MSSA ST398 from retail pork. Using whole-genome sequencing analysis, we described the phylogeny of 29 MSSA ST398 isolates that were obtained from retail pork (n=14) and BTM (n=15). The phylogenetic tree showed that the MSSA ST398 isolates from different sources had the same lineage. Among the 29 MSSA ST398 isolates, five resistance genes were detected, and all isolates carried DHA-1. Fifteen toxin genes were detected, and all isolates carried eta, hla, and hlb. In conclusion, this study found that a high risk for MSSA ST398 was present in retail pork and BTM. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MSSA ST398 outbreaks should be conducted in the One-Health context.

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Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk from Greek traditional ovine farms

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST8 in raw milk and traditional dairy products in the Tizi Ouzou area of Algeria

Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST8 in raw milk and traditional dairy products in the Tizi Ouzou area of Algeria

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Virulence, Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China

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