Prevalence, Evolution, and Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in
            <i>Salmonella</i>

Brunelle, Brian W.; Bearson, Bradley L.; Allen, Heather K.

doi:10.1002/9781119139188.ch14

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Of note is the high level of resistance to ampicillin (69.9%), chloramphenicol (56.3%), streptomycin (72.1%), and tetracycline (87.6%) found in S . Typhimurium isolated from swine over this 12-year period [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlortetracycline and florfenicol induce expression of genes associated with pathogenicity in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Holman

Bearson

et al. 2018

Gut Pathog

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BackgroundMultidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a serious public health threat as infections caused by these strains are more difficult and expensive to treat. Livestock serve as a reservoir for MDR Salmonella, and the antibiotics chlortetracycline and florfenicol are frequently administrated to food-producing animals to treat and prevent various diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the response of MDR S. Typhimurium after exposure to these two antibiotics.ResultsWe exposed four MDR S. Typhimurium isolates to sub-inhibitory concentrations of chlortetracycline (16 and 32 µg/ml) or florfenicol (16 µg/ml) for 30 min during early-log phase. Differentially expressed genes following antibiotic treatment were identified using RNA-seq, and genes associated with attachment and those located within the Salmonella pathogenicity islands were significantly up-regulated following exposure to either antibiotic. The effect of antibiotic exposure on cellular invasion and motility was also assessed. Swimming and swarming motility were decreased due to antibiotic exposure. However, we observed chlortetracycline enhanced cellular invasion in two strains and florfenicol enhanced invasion in a third isolate.ConclusionsChlortetracycline and florfenicol exposure during early-log growth altered the expression of nearly half of the genes in the S. Typhimurium genome, including a large number of genes associated with virulence and pathogenesis; this transcriptional alteration was not due to the SOS response. The results suggest that exposure to either of these two antibiotics may lead to the expression of virulence genes that are typically only transcribed in vivo, as well as only during late-log or stationary phase in vitro.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-018-0236-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlortetracycline and florfenicol induce expression of genes associated with pathogenicity in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Holman

Bearson

et al. 2018

Gut Pathog

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“…Typhimurium isolate SARB65 is sensitive to the antibiotics used in this study and was tested to identify similarities and differences between the MDR isolates. As sensitive isolates typically utilize innate resistance mechanisms (i.e., AcrAB-TolC) that have different and lower inhibitory thresholds than those of isolates with specific resistance mechanisms ( 1 ), the MIC for SARB65 was determined for chloramphenicol (4 µg/ml), kanamycin (64 µg/ml), streptomycin (64 µg/ml), and tetracycline (2 µg/ml). Based on this, swimming and swarming assays were performed at various subinhibitory concentrations relative to the MIC of each antibiotic ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains are characterized by high levels of antibiotic resistance that are often attributed to the acquisition of specific mechanisms ( 1 ). MDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage types DT104 and DT193 have very similar resistance profiles due to their specialized resistance genes, though the same resistance phenotype can be encoded by different genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates Are Resistant to Antibiotics That Influence Their Swimming and Swarming Motility

Brunelle

Bearson

et al. 2017

mSphere

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Salmonella is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne infections in the United States, and the Centers for Disease Control consider multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella a “Serious Threat Level pathogen.” Because MDR Salmonella can lead to more severe disease in patients than that caused by antibiotic-sensitive strains, it is important to identify the role that antibiotics may play in enhancing Salmonella virulence. The current study examined several MDR Salmonella isolates and determined the effect that various antibiotics had on Salmonella motility, an important virulence-associated factor. While most antibiotics had a neutral or negative effect on motility, we found that kanamycin actually enhanced MDR Salmonella swarming in some isolates. Subsequent experiments showed this phenotype as being dependent on a combination of several different genetic factors. Understanding the influence that antibiotics have on MDR Salmonella motility is critical to the proper selection and prudent use of antibiotics for efficacious treatment while minimizing potential collateral consequences.

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“…Of the > 2600 serovars of NTS, serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- was the 4th most common serovar in 2015, an increase from 10th in 2003. Furthermore, multidrug-resistance of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolates in the NARMS data has increased 8-fold between 2004 (8.3%) and 2015 (67.8%), resulting in serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- being the most frequent multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar in the U.S. for years 2013, and 2015–2018 (34.5% of all nontyphoidal serovars in 2015) [ 3 , 4 ]. For 2016–2018, 4.5% of NTS were serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strains, 26% of MDR NTS were MDR serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolates, and 54% of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strains were MDR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship and distribution of Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database

et al. 2022

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Background Of the > 2600 Salmonella serovars, Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- (serovar I 4,[5],12:i:-) has emerged as one of the most common causes of human salmonellosis and the most frequent multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar in the U.S. Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolates have been described globally with resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline (R-type ASSuT) and an integrative and conjugative element with multi-metal tolerance named Salmonella Genomic Island 4 (SGI-4). Results We analyzed 13,612 serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences available in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database to determine global distribution, animal sources, presence of SGI-4, occurrence of R-type ASSuT, frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and potential transmission clusters. Genome sequences for serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strains represented 30 countries from 5 continents (North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and South America), but sequences from the United States (59%) and the United Kingdom (28%) were dominant. The metal tolerance island SGI-4 and the R-type ASSuT were present in 71 and 55% of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences, respectively. Sixty-five percent of strain sequences were MDR which correlates to serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- being the most frequent MDR serovar. The distribution of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database suggests that swine-associated strain sequences were the most frequent food-animal source and were significantly more likely to contain the metal tolerance island SGI-4 and genes for MDR compared to all other animal-associated isolate sequences. Conclusions Our study illustrates how analysis of genomic sequences from the NCBI Pathogen Detection database can be utilized to identify the prevalence of genetic features such as antimicrobial resistance, metal tolerance, and virulence genes that may be responsible for the successful emergence of bacterial foodborne pathogens.

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Prevalence, Evolution, and Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella

Cited by 5 publications

References 99 publications

Chlortetracycline and florfenicol induce expression of genes associated with pathogenicity in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Chlortetracycline and florfenicol induce expression of genes associated with pathogenicity in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates Are Resistant to Antibiotics That Influence Their Swimming and Swarming Motility

Relationship and distribution of Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database

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