Prevalence Estimates of Problem and Pathological Gambling in Hong Kong

Wong, Irene; So, Ernest Moon Tong

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1353

Cited by 136 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…However, estimates of PG and pathological gambling closely resembled each other. In past research, the estimates of PG using SOGS ranged from 2.5% (Fong & Ozorio, 2005;Sin, 1997) to 4.0% (Wong & So, 2003). Meanwhile, using the DSM-IV Gambling-Behaviour Index and SOGS, the estimated percentages of pathological gambling in the pool of empirical studies ranged from 1.78% in a sample of Macao residents (Fong & Ozorio, 2005), 1.8% among Hong Kong residents (Wong & So, 2003), and Canadian residents (Sin, 1997) to 2.9% in an Australian Chinese speaking sample (Blaszczynski et al1998).…”

Section: Past Prevalence Estimates Types Of Gambling and Gender Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In past research, the estimates of PG using SOGS ranged from 2.5% (Fong & Ozorio, 2005;Sin, 1997) to 4.0% (Wong & So, 2003). Meanwhile, using the DSM-IV Gambling-Behaviour Index and SOGS, the estimated percentages of pathological gambling in the pool of empirical studies ranged from 1.78% in a sample of Macao residents (Fong & Ozorio, 2005), 1.8% among Hong Kong residents (Wong & So, 2003), and Canadian residents (Sin, 1997) to 2.9% in an Australian Chinese speaking sample (Blaszczynski et al1998). Due to the possibility of false positive cases in prevalence studies using either DSM or SOGS, it has been suggested that more research needs to be conducted to clarify prevalence results (Blaszczynski et al, 1998).…”

Section: Past Prevalence Estimates Types Of Gambling and Gender Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, utilising valid screening tools for Chinese PG is essential in the advancement of our understanding of PG among the Chinese. The predecessors of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) such as South Oaks Gambling Scale (SOGS) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) have been used widely in gambling prevalence research among the Chinese residing in Hong Kong and Macao (Fong & Ozorio, 2005;Wong & So, 2003), and also among studies investigating PG correlates (e.g., Liao, 2008;Oei, Lin, & Raylu, 2008;Oei & Raylu, 2010). These studies used cut scores validated among Western samples, which often overestimate the rates of pathological gambling among the Chinese (Tang, Wu, Tang, & Yan, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Problem Gambling, Gambling Correlates, and Help-Seeking Attitudes in a Chinese Sample: An Empirical Evaluation

Loo¹,

Oei²,

Raylu³

2011

PSYCH

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There is an increasing consensus that problem gambling (PG) is a serious social issue among the Chinese, but little is known of the factors associated with PG among the Chinese using validated and improved PG measurements. This study examined the patterns of PG and the PG predictive ability of variables such as gambling-related cognitions, gambling urge, depression, anxiety, stress, and help-seeking attitudes among Chinese individuals living in Taiwan. The participants consisted of 801 Taiwanese Chinese student and community individuals (Mean age = 25.36 years). The prevalence of PG (Problem Gambling Severity Index; PGSI) and pathological gambling (South Oaks Gambling Screen; SOGS) are higher in this Taiwanese Chinese sample as compared with past prevalence research. Significant differences were found between PGSI groups (i.e., non-PG, low-risk, moderate-risk, and PG) in socio-demographic variables. Erroneous gambling-related cognitions and overall negative psychological states significantly predicted PG. In addition, interaction effects of gender, mediation effects, and the predictive ability of help-seeking attitudes were discussed. The findings of this study have important implications in the understanding of PG among the Chinese. Gambling-related cognitions and negative psychological states are important factors that should be addressed in intervention programs.

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Section: Past Prevalence Estimates Types Of Gambling and Gender Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Past Prevalence Estimates Types Of Gambling and Gender Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Problem Gambling, Gambling Correlates, and Help-Seeking Attitudes in a Chinese Sample: An Empirical Evaluation

Loo¹,

Oei²,

Raylu³

2011

PSYCH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The ubiquity of different gambling forms including online and community based electronic gaming machines (EGMs) makes gambling easily accessible (Petry & Hodgins, 2012). Gambling disorder is a serious public health concern at an international level with population prevalence rates averaging 2% and occurring more frequently in younger populations (Becona, 1996;Bondolfi, Osiek, & Ferrero, 2000;Delfabbro, 2009;Shaffer & Hall, 2001;Wardle et al, 2007; I. L. K. Wong & Ernest, 2003). It is now recognised as an addiction in DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Affective and Anxiety Disorders on Outcome in Problem Gamblers Attending Routine Cognitive–Behavioural Treatment in South Australia

et al. 2014

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Aims This study evaluated the influence of 12-month affective and anxiety disorders on treatment outcomes for adult problem gamblers in routine cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Methods A cohort study at a state-wide gambling therapy service in South Australia. Primary outcome measure was rated by participants using Victorian Gambling Screen (VGS) 'harm to self' sub-scale with validated cut score 21+ (score range: 0 -60) indicative of problem gambling behaviour. Secondary outcome measure was work and social adjustment scale (WSAS). Independent variable was severity of affective and anxiety disorders based on Kessler 10 scale (K10). We used propensity score adjusted random-effects models to estimate treatment outcomes for subpopulations of individuals from baseline to 12 month follow-up. Results Between July, 2010 and December, 2012, 380 participants were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. Mean age was 44.1(SD=13.6) years and 211 (56%) were males. At baseline, 353 (92.9%) were diagnosed with a gambling disorder using VGS. For exposure, 175 (46%) had a very high probability of a 12-month affective or anxiety disorder, 103 (27%) in the high range and 102 (27%) in the low to moderate range. For the main analysis, individuals experienced similar clinically significant reductions (improvement) in gambling related outcomes across time (p < 0.001). Conclusions Individuals with covarying patterns of problem gambling and 12 month affective and anxiety disorders who present to a gambling help service for treatment in metropolitan South Australia gain similar significant reductions in gambling behaviours from routine cognitivebehavioural therapy in the mid-term.

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“…9,10,[28][29][30][31][32] Data were self-reported. Response bias because of social desirability may exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-boundary Substance Uses Among Hong Kong Chinese Young Adults

Lau

Tsui

Lam³

et al. 2007

J Urban Health

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The study documents the characteristics of Hong Kong residents who used substances in mainland China. Characteristics of such users were compared with those using substances elsewhere. A cross-sectional survey was used. Data analyses were stratified by gender, and multivariate analyses were performed. Respondents, Hong Kong adults aged 18-30 (n=6,528), were interviewed using a mixed interviewer and computerized mobile phone method, at the Hong Kong-mainland China boundary. Cross-border substance users and other types of substance users had characteristics that were quite different (e.g., education level, perceived harmfulness of substance use in general, having friends who frequently used substances in mainland China). Crossboundary substance users also found it easier to obtain substances in mainland China than in Hong Kong (males: 60.5%, females: 39.6%) and perceived no chance of being arrested in mainland China because of substance use (men: 28.8%, women: 24.5%). They tended to use substances in discos/rave parties together with friends (men: 77%, women: 81%), and substances were often obtained for free (men: 63.2%, women: 78%). Ecstasy and ketamine were often used (men: 86.5% & 79.4%, women: 81% & 70.2%), and multiple uses of different substances were common (men: 81.3%, women: 68.6%). Lower price, peer influence, and better availability were reasons behind crossboundary substance use behaviors. Cross-boundary substance users have specific characteristics. Prevention policies should take these characteristics into account. Regional collaborations are highly warranted.

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Prevalence Estimates of Problem and Pathological Gambling in Hong Kong

Abstract: Survey results promoted preventative and treatment services.

Cited by 136 publications

References 1 publication

Problem Gambling, Gambling Correlates, and Help-Seeking Attitudes in a Chinese Sample: An Empirical Evaluation

Problem Gambling, Gambling Correlates, and Help-Seeking Attitudes in a Chinese Sample: An Empirical Evaluation

Effects of Affective and Anxiety Disorders on Outcome in Problem Gamblers Attending Routine Cognitive–Behavioural Treatment in South Australia

Cross-boundary Substance Uses Among Hong Kong Chinese Young Adults

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