Prevalence, diversity of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and associated risk factors in well water  in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria

Odetoyin, Babatunde; Ogundipe, O. T.; Onanuga, Adebola

doi:10.1186/s42522-021-00057-4

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Our findings of high diversity of E. coli in a marine environment are consistent with published studies of freshwater environments that have reported higher E. coli diversity utilizing the Shannon diversity index. A high degree of E. coli diversity was found in freshwater wells in Nigeria, which the authors speculated was due to multiple sources of contamination, including proximity to septic tanks and erosion (Odetoyin et al, 2022). Chandran and Mazumder (2015) described a high level of E. coli diversity, with seasonal variations, within a freshwater lake on Vancouver Island,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Escherichia coli found in the Salish Sea

et al. 2022

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E. coli is a species of enteric bacteria found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals that can persist in the environment and contaminate food. Anthropogenic activity has led to pathogenic E. coli from humans and animals contaminating environments through the discharge of fecal wastes in sewage and agricultural runoff. While anthropogenic sources of E. coli have been described in terrestrial and freshwater environments, gaps remain in scientific knowledge about E. coli diversity in marine environments and the risk to human and animal health. This study aims to fill in some of the knowledge gaps on the diversity of E. coli in marine ecosystems, including: 1) describe the spatial variation of the E. coli sequence types (STs) found in the study region; 2) describe available information on E. coli STs from marine environments in terms of known relationships to determine if the isolates were related to human, animal, environment strains or novel. We analyzed a dataset of 332 E. coli isolates from the Salish Sea ecosystem, comprising 196 multi-locus sequence types. Sample sources included marine water near shellfish beds, marine wildlife, river otters, and a small number of marine water sites near beaches and freshwater samples from creeks into the Salish Sea. ST10 was the most frequent ST (n=12) and was found in multiple locations and sample types. For the identified STs, we searched metadata for E. coli STs in EnteroBase, an international E. coli database. Additional information on E. coli STs was derived from searches of published studies in PubMed. We found that diversity varied between different regions of the study area, with the greatest diversity found in an area which has partially treated wastewater outflows. A higher diversity of STs associated with animals was found in an area near were animals are raised. Many of the STs identified have been associated with virulence in humans. For a number of identified STs, no references could be found in either PubMed or EnteroBase. These findings support the importance of further studies to understand the relevance of marine E. coli to human and wildlife health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Escherichia coli found in the Salish Sea

et al. 2022

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“…Several outbreaks have highlighted fresh vegetables as potential vehicles of foodborne disease [9]. Although not in outbreak proportions, E. coli illnesses have also been reported in Southern Nigeria [10][11][12]. Its heightened concern over the spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens made this research imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from farm produce and agricultural environments in Edo State, Nigeria

et al. 2023

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern, especially the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli bacteria are emerging as a global human health hazard. This study characterized extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) isolates from farm sources and open markets in Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 254 samples were obtained in Edo State and included representatives from agricultural farms (soil, manure, irrigation water) and vegetables from open markets, which included ready-to-eat (RTE) salads and vegetables which could potentially be consumed uncooked. Samples were culturally tested for the ESBL phenotype using ESBL selective media, and isolates were further identified and characterized via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for β-lactamase and other antibiotic resistance determinants. ESBL E. coli strains isolated from agricultural farms included 68% (17/25) from the soil, 84% (21/25) from manure and 28% (7/25) from irrigation water and 24.4% (19/78) from vegetables. ESBL E. coli were also isolated from RTE salads at 20% (12/60) and vegetables obtained from vendors and open markets at 36.6% (15/41). A total of 64 E. coli isolates were identified using PCR. Upon further characterization, 85.9% (55/64) of the isolates were resistant to ≥ 3 and ≤ 7 antimicrobial classes, which allows for characterizing these as being multidrug-resistant. The MDR isolates from this study harboured ≥1 and ≤5 AMR determinants. The MDR isolates also harboured ≥1 and ≤3 beta-lactamase genes. Findings from this study showed that fresh vegetables and salads could be contaminated with ESBL-E. coli, particularly fresh produce from farms that use untreated water for irrigation. Appropriate measures, including improving irrigation water quality and agricultural practices, need to be implemented, and global regulatory guiding principles are crucial to ensure public health and consumer safety.

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