Prévalence de la trypanosomose bovine dans les départements du Faro et Déo, et de la Vina au Cameroun : bilan de vingt années de lutte contre les glossines

Tanenbe, C.; Gambo, H.; Musongong, G.A.; Boris, O.; Achukwi, Mbunkah Daniel

doi:10.19182/remvt.10099

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…However, large areas in the Adamawa, North and Far North regions remain tsetse-infested and with high, and in some cases increasing, AAT prevalence levels [58]. A survey conducted in 2001 [56] revealed an AAT seroprevalence in cattle of 61% ± 8% in an infested zone of the Adamawa region. The lack of tsetse-free grazing areas in Cameroon to accommodate the growing cattle population and increasing conflicts in neighbouring Nigeria and Central African Republic forced some cattle owners to settle in the tsetse-infested areas of Cameroon, which were previously used only by nomadic herds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and Ongoing Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Control Operations in Five African Countries: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundControl operations targeting Animal African Trypanosomiasis and its primary vector, the tsetse, were covering approximately 128,000 km2 of Africa in 2001, which is a mere 1.3% of the tsetse infested area. Although extensive trypanosomiasis and tsetse (T&T) control operations have been running since the beginning of the 20th century, Animal African Trypanosomiasis is still a major constraint of livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe performed a systematic review of the existing literature describing T&T control programmes conducted in a selection of five African countries, namely Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zambia, between 1980 and 2015. Sixty-eight documents were eventually selected from those identified by the database search. This was supplemented with information gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with twelve key informants recruited in the study countries and selected based on their experience and knowledge of T&T control. The combined information from these two sources was used to describe the inputs, processes and outcomes from 23 major T&T control programmes implemented in the study countries. Although there were some data gaps, involvement of the target communities and sustainability of the control activities were identified as the two main issues faced by these programmes. Further, there was a lack of evaluation of these control programmes, as well as a lack of a standardised methodology to conduct such evaluations.Conclusions/SignificancePast experiences demonstrated that coordinated and sustained control activities require careful planning, and evidence of successes, failures and setbacks from past control programmes represent a mine of information. As there is a lack of evaluation of these programmes, these data have not been fully exploited for the design, analyses and justification of future control programmes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and Ongoing Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Control Operations in Five African Countries: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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“…Considered the “beef basket” region of Cameroon, several control strategies were carried out in the Adamawa region targeting bovine trypanosomosis to mitigate its devastating impact on livestock [ 10 ]. However, its recent resurgence has been favoured by factors such as climate and vegetation changes, and the interruption of control and treatment programs [ 11 ]. The stoppage of tsetse fly control activities by aerial spraying of insecticides in the Adamawa region [ 12 ] has led to an exaggerated threat from tsetse flies, which occur towards the north of the area [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular screening of tsetse flies and cattle reveal different Trypanosoma species including T. grayi and T. theileri in northern Cameroon

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAfrican trypanosomes are mainly transmitted through the bite of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.). The present study investigated the occurrence of pathogenic trypanosomes in tsetse flies and cattle in tsetse fly-infested areas of Northern Cameroon.ResultsTrypanosomes were identified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region, both by size estimation and sequencing of PCR products. Apparent density indices recorded in Gamba and Dodeo were 3.1 and 3.6 tsetse flies per trap and day, respectively. Trypanosoma prevalence infection rate for the tsetse fly gut (40%) and proboscis (19%) were recorded. Among the flies where trypanosomes were detected in the gut, 41.7% were positive for T. congolense and 14.6% for T. brucei ssp., whereas in the proboscis 36% harboured T. congolense and 62% contained T. vivax. T. grayi was highly prevalent in tsetse fly gut (58%). The most common mixed infections were the combination of T. congolense and T. grayi. Trypanosome prevalence rate in cattle blood was 6%. Among these, T. vivax represented 26%, T. congolense 35%, T. brucei ssp. 17% and T. theileri 17% of the infections. Surprisingly, in one case T. grayi was found in cattle. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) of cattle positive for trypanosomes was significantly lower (24.1 ± 5.6%; P < 0.05) than that of cattle in which trypanosomes were not detected (27.1 ± 4.9%). Interestingly, the occurrence of T. theileri or T. grayi DNA in cattle also correlated with low PCV at pathological levels.ConclusionThis molecular epidemiological study of Trypanosoma species in Northern Cameroon revealed active foci of trypanosomes in Dodeo and Gamba. These findings are relevant in assessing the status of trypanosomosis in these regions and will serve as a guide for setting the priorities of the government in the control of the disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2540-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Even innovative options like the use of live bait pyrethroid-impregnated cattle against tsetse flies have had problems with efficiency, time input and the high cost of pyrethroid in rural areas. After about thirty years of government efforts to control tsetse on the Cameroon Adamawa Plateau, trypanosomosis still stands out from various surveys [3][4][5], as the number one killer of cattle. Large scale tsetse clearing activities were stopped in this region in the mid-nineties [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of evidence for sufficiently isolated populations of Glossina morsitans submorsitans on the Adamawa Plateau of Cameroon following geometric morphometric analysis

Achukwi¹,

Gillingwater²,

Nlôga³

et al. 2013

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Trypanosomosis remains the number one killer of livestock in spite of efforts made to eradicate tsetse flies in the Adamawa plateau of Cameroon. Acetone-baited Laveissière type biconical traps were pitched at 100 meter intervals in strategic geo-referenced positions in various ecological niches of the landscape for 5 consecutive days in selected villages in Mayo Rey, Mbere, Vina and Faro et Deo divisions. All 493 tsetse flies captured in sites other than Mboula were G. morsitans submositans. Measurement of different morphometric characters on the wings of each individual fly was undertaken using the Du Jardin package. The data was processed and analysed by "Permutaciones, Analisis Discriminante (PAD)" and "Bootstraps, Analisis en Componentes principales". The three major sampling sites on the plateau yielded similar results as demonstrated by the neighbour joining tree of Mahalanobis distances but tests using PAD showed the differences between group means to be significant (P < 0.05) even when the same number of flies was used. Mixing of tsetse populations from the northern lowlands and those on the plateau and Koutine plain could not be ruled out. These preliminary findings suggest that the flies are not from isolated populations and should be considered as populations frequently exchanging migrants. However, molecular genetics techniques are necessary in addition to morphometric analysis to reach more definitive conclusions.

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Prévalence de la trypanosomose bovine dans les départements du Faro et Déo, et de la Vina au Cameroun : bilan de vingt années de lutte contre les glossines

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Past and Ongoing Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Control Operations in Five African Countries: A Systematic Review

Past and Ongoing Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Control Operations in Five African Countries: A Systematic Review

Molecular screening of tsetse flies and cattle reveal different Trypanosoma species including T. grayi and T. theileri in northern Cameroon

Lack of evidence for sufficiently isolated populations of Glossina morsitans submorsitans on the Adamawa Plateau of Cameroon following geometric morphometric analysis

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