Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcome of Asthmatic Patients With Type 2 Diseases in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Presenting prevalence, characteristics and outcome of asthmatic patients with T2 diseases in hospitalized subjects with COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain SUPPLEMENT Introduction. The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Spain was reported in Madrid at the end of February 2020. Soon after, Madrid reported an outbreak, and cases in Spain increased dramatically, as one of the countries had more cases in the world. Material and Methods. Demographic data, smoking status, non-atopic comorbidities, presence of atopy, symptoms, clinical, radiological and laboratory data on-admission and discharge, need of ICU (Intensive Care Unit) admission days of hospitalization and death were analyzed. Severity of COVID-19 on-admission was classified according to the FIO 2 required: A0 (FIO 2 21%), A1 (FIO 2 up to 35%), A2 (35% >FIO 2 ≤60%) and A3 (FIO 2 > 60%). For asthmatic patients, data related to severity [9], treatment, compliance, and control before COVID-19 were collected together with exacerbation during hospitalization. Compliance was based on refill medication data on electronic prescription during the last year, good compliance was considered as  80% of refills. Asthmatic patients were categorized as non-allergic and allergic (by positive prick test to aeroallergens).

Does Asthma Increase the Mortality of Patients with COVID-19?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A total of 324 unique records were identified. After a full-text analysis, a total of 5 studies met the inclusion criteria [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The characteristics of the studies included in this review are presented in Table 1 .…”

“…material). Three studies reported data from the USA [ 14 , 15 , 17 ], 1 reported data from Spain [ 13 ], and the other reported data from France [ 16 ]. A total of 767 asthmatic patients were compared with 8,234 nonasthmatic patients in the included studies.…”

“…The same study also reported a higher number of patients with obesity and current smokers in the asthmatic cohort. In 2 studies [ 13 , 16 ], all patients in both groups were hospitalized, while in another 2 [ 14 , 17 ] both hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients were included in the study groups. Three studies [ 13 , 16 , 17 ] reported data on the number of intubated patients, with none reporting significant differences between the study groups.…”

Clinical characteristics in 545 patients with severe asthma on biological treatment during the COVID-19 outbreak

“…When comparing the characteristics of patients of this cohort with patients with asthma with different severity and without biological treatment hospitalized for COVID-19 in Spain, 5 we did not find differences in terms of severity of COVID-19, presence of comorbidities, intensive care unit admissions, or mortality (see Table E1 in this article's Online Repository at www.jaci-inpractice.org ). Of note, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Spain's general population is 5.2%, 6 similar to that found in this cohort (6.4%).…”

“…Some articles suggest a low prevalence of asthma among patients with COVID-19, as well as the lack of a statistically significant relationship between a history of asthma and mortality, irrespective of COVID-19 status. 3 , 5 However, other studies report that asthma may increase COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity. 7 Other European reports on patients with asthma with COVID-19 show similar trends as those found in Spain 8 and in other series published in the United States.…”